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Au nanofiber/carbon nanotube (CNT) 1D/1D composites and Janus-type Au/CNT composites have been prepared by utilizing the liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) as a redox reaction site. AuCl 4 − in W is reduced at the IL/W interface where CNTs are adsorbed, by a reducing agent in the IL, leading to the formation of the Au/CNT composites. The Au/CNT composites are Janustype in which Au microurchins and Au nanofibers are deposited on the W side and the IL side of the CNTs on the IL/W interface, respectively. Reversing the order of the CNT adsorption and AuCl 4 − reduction results in the formation of the Au nanofiber/CNT composites, which are 1D/1D metal/carbon composites.