The problem of scattering of spherical waves by a bounded obstacle is considered. General scattering theorems are proved. These relate the far-field patterns due to scattering of waves from a point source put in any two different locations. The scatterer can have any of the usual properties, penetrable or impenetrable. The optical theorem is recovered as a corollary. Mixed scattering relations are also established, relating the scattered fields due to a point source and a plane wave.
In this paper, a general class of linear stochastic degenerate Sobolev equations with additive noise is considered. This class of systems is the infinite dimensional analogue of linear descriptor systems in finite dimensions. Under appropriate assumptions, the mild and strong well posedness for the initial value problem are studied using elements of the semigroup theory and properties of the stochastic convolution. The final value problem is also examined and it is proved that this is uniquely strongly solvable and the solution is continuously dependent on the final data. Based on the results of the forward and backward problem, the conditions for the exact controllability are investigated for a special but important class of these equations. The abstract results are illustrated by applications in complex media electromagnetics, in the one dimensional stochastic Dirac equation in the non-relativistic limit and in a potential application in input-output analysis in economics.
Electromagnetic complex media are artificial materials that affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves in surprising ways not usually seen in nature. Because of their wide range of important applications, these materials have been intensely studied over the past twenty-five years, mainly from the perspectives of physics and engineering. But a body of rigorous mathematical theory has also gradually developed, and this is the first book to present that theory. Designed for researchers and advanced graduate students in applied mathematics, electrical engineering, and physics, this book introduces the electromagnetics of complex media through a systematic, state-of-the-art account of their mathematical theory. The book combines the study of well posedness, homogenisation, and controllability of Maxwell equations complemented with constitutive relations describing complex media. The book treats deterministic and stochastic problems both in the frequency and time domains. It also covers computational aspects and scattering problems, among other important topics. Detailed appendices make the book self-contained in terms of mathematical prerequisites, and accessible to engineers and physicists as well as mathematicians.
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