Ophthalmic herpes simplex viral keratitis (HSVK) is responsible for a range of ocular manifestations from superficial epithelial disease to stromal keratitis and endotheliitis. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) has guided the management of herpetic eye disease for almost twenty years, but newer medications such as valacyclovir are now available and are considered to have better bioavailability than acyclovir. In this review, we examine the existing evidence on the pathogenesis of different HSVK disease modalities and the role of oral and topically administered antiviral drugs in the treatment of herpes simplex viral keratitis.

Aims Foreign materials used in ocular surface surgery may lead to local complications such as discomfort, scarring, or infection. Plasma-derived products such as fibrin glue may produce possible hypersensitivity reactions whereas the risk of viral transmission remains. We describe a simple method of achieving conjunctival autograft adherence during pterygium surgery avoiding potential complications associated with the use of fibrin glue or sutures. Methods After pterygium excision and fashioning of the autologous conjunctival graft, the recipient bed is encouraged to achieve natural haemostasis and relative dessication before graft placement. Excessive haemorrhage in the graft bed is tamponaded. Graft adherence and positioning is examined 20 min after surgery. Results A total of 15 eyes of 12 patients (mean (SD) age 73.7 (11.2) years), 8 females underwent SGF autologous conjunctival graft post-pterygium excision. Mean graft area was 24(1.5) mm 2 . Mean follow-up time was 9.2 (2.2) months. Cosmesis was excellent in all cases and visual acuity improved in one patient. There were no intra-or post-operative complications requiring further treatment. Conclusion This simple technique for pterygium surgery may prevent potential adverse reactions encountered with the use of foreign materials and in this small series provided safe and comparable results to current methods.

Structured and supervised VR training can offer a significant level of skills transfer to novice ophthalmic surgeons. VR training at the earliest stage of ophthalmic surgical training may, therefore, be of benefit.

Serous retinopathy associated with optic disc pit responds well to early vitrectomy, endolaser, and internal tamponade. Silicone oil was effective in one refractory case. Cumulative data are required to define the management of this condition.