An 11-year-old boy under suppression therapy for a solitary thyroid nodule was referred for sonographic examination. The diagnosis had been made at another institution, based only on sonography without cytopathologic verification. A small fusiform lesion, which was homogeneously hypoechoic with diffuse bright internal echoes, was demonstrated in the right lower pole of the thyroid. A normal elongated thymus with a cervical component was then found connected to the thyroid with an accessory lobe, which was embedded in the lower thyroid pole mimicking a solitary nodule. We discuss the developmental abnormalities of the thymus and their clinical significance in childhood with a brief review of the literature.

The typical CT findings of Q fever pneumonia consisted mainly of multilobar airspace consolidation. A nodular pattern accompanied by a halo of ground-glass opacification and vessel connection, and necrotizing pneumonia in the setting of impaired immunity were less frequent.

SEAs were underestimated in children due to the rarity and spectrum of differential diagnoses. Timely diagnosis, immediate antibiotics, spinal magnetic resonance imaging and prompt neurosurgical consultations were essential for favourable outcomes.

HRCT features that potentially contribute in making a differential diagnosis are: a) A peripheral distribution of nodules, an increased number of thickened interlobular septae, and a notable thickening of interlobar fissures, all of which are indicative of sarcoidosis; and b) Multiple cyst-like lesions which should direct attention to tuberculous or metastatic origin. The predominance of miliary nodules in relation to cephalocaudal axis, their margin and size are not helpful features to the differential diagnosis of diseases presenting a miliary pattern.

12-year-old presumably premenarchal girl presented to the emergency department with a 48-hour history of abdominal discomfort and back pain radiating to the level of the right scapula and increasing in the supine position. The patient reported no history of sexual activity or vaginal discharge. Her medical history was unremarkable. Abdominal sonography revealed a cystic mass anterior to the urinary bladder measuring 13.7 (long axis) × 5.6 (short axis) × 5.2 (anteroposteriorly) cm and containing echogenic fluid, corresponding to a distended vagina ( Figure 1). There was also distention of the uterus caused by fluid and echogenic material contained in the endometrial cavity ( Figure 1B). The findings were suggestive of hematocolpometra. Clinical examination of the perineum confirmed the diagnosis by showing the imperforate hymen, which was bulging and protruding from the introitus. Hymenotomy was performed, and the blood was drained from the vagina via a catheter. The patient's postsurgical course was uneventful, and symptoms resolved completely within 48 hours.Hematocolpometra secondary to an imperforate hymen and retrograde menstruation is a rare entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal or back pain in premenarchal adolescent girls. 1-3 As in our case, the clinical presentation can be misleading because it occasionally mimics a pelvic mass 4 or presents with constipation and back pain, due to irritation of the sacral plexus or nerve roots, 5-7 and urinary retention, due to compressive effects form the distended