Laser Melting Deposition (LMD) is a metal printing technique that allows for the manufacturing of large objects by Directed Energy Deposition. Due to its versatility in variation of parameters, the possibility to use two or more materials, to create alloys in situ or produce multi-layer structures, LMD is still being scientifically researched and is still far from industrial maturity. The structural testing of obtained samples can be time consuming and solutions that can decrease the samples analysis time are constantly proposed in the scientific literature. In this manuscript we present a quality improvement study for obtaining defect-free bulk samples of Ti6Al4V under X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) by varying the hatch spacing and distance between planes. Based on information provided by XCT, the experimental conditions were changed until complete elimination of porosity. Information on the defects in the bulk of the samples by XCT was used for feedback during parameters tuning in view of complete removal of pores. The research time was reduced to days instead of weeks or months of samples preparation and analysis by destructive metallographic techniques.

The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.

The most reliable technique of remote temperature sensing considers either the rise or the decay transient of a luminescent temperature probe. Here, real‐time visible (Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) thermal imagings based on the simultaneous measurement of the emission rise and decay of transition or lanthanide metal activator are described. A single pulse time‐gated detection method that allows the real‐time mode of the temperature measurement, the emission detection at its highest temporal intensity, and the tunability of the emission detection in terms of time delay and gate width is proposed. Cr‐ZnGaGeO4/ZnGa2O4; Er, Ho, Yb–Y2O3 and Er, Ho, Yb–β‐NaYF4 nanoparticles that display luminescence in the Vis to NIR range (450–1200 nm) with timescales varying from 10 to 100 ms are selected. Maximum relative temperature sensitivity in Vis to Vis and NIR to NIR imaging which exceeds up to a factor of two the values obtained by the standard average lifetime method is achieved. This method applies to any lifetime‐based luminescent thermometer, opening a new avenue in designing accurate and straightforward lifetime thermal imaging systems operating in the Vis to NIR range.