Objective: Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits calcium ion transfer into cells. It has greater effects on cerebral arteries due to high lipophilicity and used for cerebral hemorrhage. In this study it was aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effect of nimodipine on the testicular tissue of male rats. Methods: Twenty four male rats were allocated into four groups (6 rats in each); first group served as control, the others received 20, 40, 80 mg/kg/day of nimodipine, respectively, for 30 days. At day 31, the animals were sacrificed, the testicular tissues were removed, and sperm was collected from epididymis and prepared for analysis. Results: Significant and dose-dependent decrease in sperm count and motility associated with morphological changes were reported in addition to progressive damage in the epididymis and testicular tissue architecture of treated animals compared to controls. Conclusion: Nimodipine decreases sperms count and activity in a dose-dependent pattern, associated with disarrangement testicular structural elements of male rats; this confirms the class effect of calcium channel blockers in this respect. [J Exp Integr Med 2013; 3(1): 17-22
Metformin is 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Additionally, several studies focused on the role of metformin in antioxidant activities for the treatment of hepatic disorders. The experimentally -based result on valproic acid's liver injury, a front-line medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, attracted a lot of interest. As a result, the effect of metformin on valproic acid-induced redox disturbances in rat hepatic tissue was studied. metformin at 250 mg/kg dose was administered via oral gavage for 30 days, and valproic acid at a dose of 400 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal route starting from the twenty-second day of the experiment, for eight days to induce hepatotoxicity. Treatment with metformin reduced valproic acid-enhancing alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue of valproic acid-treated rats significantly increased (P-value < 0.05) whereas glutathione decreased. The coadministration of metformin with valproic acid significantly decreased the malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione levels (P-value < 0.05). Finally, metformin protected rats from valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity, improved antioxidant status, and reduced hepatic oxidative stress.
Staphylokinase (SAK), also known as staphylococcal fibrinolysin, is a protein with a molecular mass of about 15 kDa produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylokinase is synthesized in the late exponential phase, similar to streptokinase. The current study identified and predicted the protein SAK from Staphylococcus aureus. SAK is a fibrinolytic enzyme of the third generation that acts as an indirect activator of plasminogen. The current study cloned and expressed SAK protein isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and used in the form of a grid for enhancement of SAK Catalyst with PCR, disengagement, and change into articulation vector PET24b(+). The recombinant plasmid was changed into E. coli strain BL21 (codon additionally to 440) acceptance with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).
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