The Orang Asli group forms a minority community in Peninsular Malaysia, whose livelihood mostly depends on their land and the surrounding area. Dispute over customary land rights of Orang Asli has been continual in Malaysia although Malaysian Courts, in several cases, have upheld the Common Law rights of Orang Asli to their customary lands. This poses a challenge to some Orang Asli communities and State Governments. Based on focus group discussion, profiling survey, and library research methods, this paper analyses the land rights of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia, by placing focus on Orang Asli in Kampung Parit Gong, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan. The findings indicate that the Kampung Parit Gong Orang Asli community has been strictly adhering to the customs of ‘adat perpatih’ since yesteryears, and that they highly value the land, both through usage of land and by inheritance. Several important concerns were raised by the Orang Asli in Kampung Parit Gong, particularly on the security over their rights on the said customary land and the guarantee of their future generations’ socio-economic wellbeing. Having said that, this paper proposes several legal and administrative measures to not only address the uprising issues, but also to ascertain that the rights of Orang Asli residing in Peninsular Malaysia are secured.
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Industri perlombongan mineral telah berkembang dengan pesat dan berlakunya peningkatan permintaan terhadap sumber ini. Terdapatnya keperluan untuk mencari sumber mineral baru terutamanya dari laut dalam bagi menggantikan sumber mineral berasaskan tanah yang semakin berkurang. Mineral laut dalam mempunyai kepekatan logam yang tinggi berbanding dengan mineral berasaskan tanah. Sehingga kini, terdapat banyak negara yang mula menerokai dan mengeksploitasi sumber mineral daripada aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam. Sepertimana perlombongan berasaskan tanah, persekitaran laut turut menerima kesannya seperti kemusnahan alam sekitar disebabkan aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam. Terdapatnya keperluan untuk menyemak semula undang-undang yang sedia ada bagi memulihara persekitaran laut daripada menerima kesan daripada aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam. Malaysia sebagai salah satu negara di bawah Konvensyen Undang-Undang Laut Antarabangsa 1982 (KUULA 1982) perlu untuk memulakan penerokaan perlombongan dasar laut dalam untuk memperoleh faedah dari segi ekonomi dan teknologi. Malaysia masih tidak mempunyai satu set undang-undang, dasar dan peraturan yang seiring dengan peruntukan konvensyen tersebut bagi mentadbir aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam termasuk perlindungan terhadap persekitaran laut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti ketersediaan negara Malaysia untuk terlibat dalam perlombongan dasar laut dalam dan mengkaji kesan aktitiviti ini terhadap alam sekitar.
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