In December 2017, South Africa's ruling party, the ANC, announced that they will adopt expropriation of land without compensation and free higher education for 90% of students. These policy positions had been associated with the radical left-wing EFF party. This article asks whether the EFF influenced the ANC policy shifts and if they did, how? Leveraging Williams ( 2006)'s theory of peripheral party impact and the process tracing method, the study finds evidence of EFF direct causal contribution on ANC policy shift on land reform and strong grounds for inferring indirect influence of the EFF on ANC policy shift on higher education funding. Data sources included policy documents, manifestos, speeches by ANC and EFF political leaders and parliamentary motions. The study contributes to the literature on peripheral party impact and understanding populism in Africa.
This article examines recent attempts to create specifically African forms of modernist political architecture that draw on 'traditional' or 'pre-colonial' aesthetic forms and ideas. Taking examples of three prestigious structuresthe presidential palace in Ghana, the parliament in Malawi and the Northern Cape regional parliament in South Africathe article shows how vernacular ideas have been incorporated into state-ofthe-art political architecture, producing new or explicitly 'African' forms of modernism. It explores how such buildings, which draw on 'invented traditions', are used alongside conventional, monolithic representations of the state to produce 'invented modernisms' that both uphold and question the African state as a project of modernity.Some of the most celebrated architecture in Africa is found in the "high-modernist" monumental buildings constructed after independence to articulate confident modern states (
2.1 Ceremony to lay the foundation stone imported from Israel at Ghana's national cathedral, 5 March 2020 2.2 Images of the sources of inspiration mounted on site hoarding: 'history', 'community', 'tradition' and 'identity', 2021 2.3 Board depicting the connection of the Jewish tabernacle to royal umbrellas and the design of the cathedral, 2021 3.1
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