Androgenetic Alopecia (AA) treatment nowadays is still a difficult task of trichology and cosmetology as the range of medicines affecting the disease pathogenetic link and being suitable and safe to use is limited. Bearing all that in mind an increased attention is paid to substances of the plant origin based on phytosterols and flavonoids. Phytosterols are inhibitors of 5α-reductase-the enzyme, which is responsible for appearance of AA, while flavonoids strengthen the cell wall and improve the skin circulation. Taking all that into account it is important to develop a medicinal product (MP) in the form of emulsion for external use, which contains a dry extract of Saw palmetto (rich in phytosterols) and the tincture of Japanese Sophora (the source of flavonoids). The pharmacological activity of medicines for dermatological use largely depends on the nature of a base-carrier of active substances. Thus, the article presents the research results of the emulsion base composition development. At the first stage 16 formulations of the emulsion bases with the pumpkin seed oil introduced in their composition as the oil phase have been considered. Emulsifiers and the gelation agent solutions (sodium alginate, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, Carbopol) have been used as stabilisers of the heterogeneous system. Identification of the colloid and thermal stability has been performed for the bases that are homogeneous in their appearance immediately after manufacturing. The bases that had been tested were subjected to microscopic and biopharmaceutical research that allowed to find the size and homogenity of the particles of the oil phase and determine the effectiveness of biologically active substances (BAS) release from the bases-carriers. On the basis of the studies conducted it has been found that the bases that contain gelation agents such as Carbopol, sodium alginate and xanthan gum, emulsifiers-Tween-20 and cetyl alcohol have the optimal properties.
Due to the content of phytosterols, extractive preparations of Urtica dioica roots are able to show antiandrogenic effect in the case of external therapy of men and women with androgenic alopecia. Oil extracts (OE) are characterized by several advantages when applied to the skin of the scalp compared to water-alcohol extracts. For the development of OE technology from Urtica dioica roots, it is important to choose the optimal extraction parameters, which are based on the quantitative determination of phytosterols in the extractant and the studied samples of extracts. The aim of the work is to choose the optimal parameters for obtaining OE from Urtica dioica roots based on quantitative determination of phytosterols content in experimental samples of OE by gas capillary chromatography. Materials and methods. Objects of the research – Urtica dioica root, refined corn oil, refined sunflower oil, samples of oil extracts. Determination of phytosterol content in experimental samples was carried out by gas capillary chromatography (chromatograph “Crystal 2000”, manufacturer – research and production company “Analytics”). Results. 5 different compounds of steroid structure (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, etc.) were identified in sunflower oil by gas liquid chromatography, and 10 (campesterol, 2-α stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenosterol, etc.) were identified in sunflower oil. The quantitative content of β-sitosterol in the sum of sterols of corn oil was significantly higher compared to the content of this substance in sunflower oil and amounted to 59.33 %. Optimal technological parameters were established considering the peculiarities of extraction with oil extractant and quantitative determination of the amount of phytosterols and β-sitosterol in experimental samples of OE. The total content of plant sterols in OE, including considering their amount in the extractant, was in the range of 7880 mg/kg; the amount of β-sitosterol was 4638 mg/kg. Conclusion. The choice of optimal parameters for obtaining OE from UDR based on determination of phytosterol yield by gas capillary chromatography was experimentally substantiated, namely: extractant – corn oil, raw material-extract ratio – 1: 5, extraction time – 6 h, extraction method – maceration
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common alopecia that is heritable, androgen-dependent and occurs in both sexes with defined patterns such as Male pattern hair loss in men and Female pattern hair loss in women. AGA affects at least 50 % of men by the age of 50 years, and up to 70 % of all males in later life. The aim.The research was aimed to substantiate the optimal concentration of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of the emulgel intended for the topical treatment of androgenic alopecia. Materials and methods. In this study the samples of the emulgel bases containing different carbomer Ultrez10 concentrationsin the range of 0.3–0.6 % and its neutralizers (0.1 % of potassium sorbate and 0 % or 0.2 % of triethanolamine) were used. Colloidal and thermal stability, pH, rheological properties (structural viscosity, mechanical stability, degree of thixotropy) of these samples were determined. The emulgel samples with different percentages of the Serenoa repens dry extract and the Sophora japonica tincture were used in the biopharmaceutical studies. The samples of the emulgel with the antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene different concentrations (0 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 %) were used to determine acid value during 1 year of the emulgel storage. Results and discussion. It was experimentally substantiated the optimal ratio of the emulgel ingredients that provide good APIs release and necessary consumer properties of the semi-solid remedy like application compliance, safety and storage stability. Conclusions. Physicochemical, rheological and biopharmaceutical properties of emulgel bases have been studied. It was found that the base №2 (in which the concentrations of Carbomer Ultraz 10, potassium sorbate and triethanolamine are 0.3 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 % respectively) possessed the optimal properties. Considering the results of the complete range of experimental research it was developed the final formulation of the emulgel intended for AGA treatment which included the concentration of the APIs, neutralizers, preservatives, antioxidant and fragrance.
Androgenic alopecia is a hair disease caused by an excessive influence of androgens on hair follicles, whose treatment requires long-term use of systemic and / or local action drugs. In Ukrainian pharmaceutical market for the androgenic alopecia treatment synthetic drug minoxidil is presented, which in the local long-term application causes many side effects. Therefore, the drugs development of plant origin is important. Taking into account of the androgenic alopecia pathogenesis, it was developed the emulgel composition and technology, which has Saw Palmetto extract and Sophora Japonica tincture as active ingredients. Their main biological active substances applying topically provide anti-androgenic, venotonic and follicles protective action. The qualities of dermatological remedies in large measure are influenced by their technological process. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was the development of a rational emulgel technology with Saw Palmetto extract and Sophora Japonica tincture for the androgenic alopecia prevention and treatment. Samples of emulgel were manufactured with applying of different technological methods, namely: the method of emulsification, temperature, rate and duration of stirring. Prepared samples were controlled by uniformity, dispersion degree (with microscope Delta Optical Genetic Pro, Poland), pH (with pH-meter 150 MI, Russia) and structure viscosity (with rotational viscometer Brookfield VR-3000, Myr VISKOTECH, Spain). The optimal temperature for the emulgel preparation is 60 °C, since the melting temperature of cetyl alcohol (the most refractory component of the formulation) is 52 °C. When choosing the emulsifying method it was found that sequential addition of hydrophilic and oil phases to emulgators provided the highest dispersion and optimally rheological properties of the emulgel. The best homogenization speed, providing a high degree of dispersion and structural viscosity in the range 3 200–3 400 mPas, is 2 000 rev/min. The intensive size reduction of the dispersed phase was observed for 30 min stirring. As a result of investigation, it was established that the best method of emulsification was the sequential adding of oil and aqueous phase to the mixture of emulsifiers at the temperature – 60 °C, the speed – 2 000 rev/min for 30 min.
The aim of the work: features elucidation of the objective structured practical exam (OSPE) on the discipline of “Technology of Drug”, conducting a survey among students to determine the main benefits of OSPE, as well as identifying difficulties that arose during the preparation and passing the exam. Materials and methods: question papers, checklists for examiners and students, questionnaire, questionnaire results, analytical and statistical evaluation of the obtained data. Results. The article presents OSPE features in the discipline “Technology of Drug”. The structure of the question paper by the stations 1, 2, 3 is considered, as well as checklists for examiners and students are presented. To determine the main advantages and disadvantages of the organization and conduction of OSPE, a survey was conducted among graduates of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. Conclusions. According to the results of the survey, it was found that students noted the high level of organization and conduction of OSPE in the discipline of “Technology of Drug”. At the same time, the difficulties encountered during the preparation for and passing the exam were outlined, including the lack of time to prepare for the exam and the mixed form of education during the year due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Key words: OSPE; technology of drugs; checklists; questionnaire; respondents.
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