Abstract. Inconsistency of modern conditions of commercial banks operation pose a threat to their activities and existence. Therefore, the problem of ensuring the financial security of banks is relevant. Ensuring the financial security of the bank should be based on a scientifically sound strategy that involves action on certain functional components of security. It is proposed to use a functional approach to the integrated assessment of the level of financial security of a banking institution, which takes into account four groups of indicators - capital and resource, credit and investment, currency security, as well as the security of bank income and expenses. This approach makes it possible to quantify the impact of each group of indicators on the level of financial security of a banking institution. An integrated assessment of the key components of the bank’s integrated financial security indicator revealed that the four surveyed banks are characterized by a sufficient level of financial security. The results of the integrated indicator of financial security of the bank should be used in developing a strategy for ensuring the financial security of the bank. The article proposes and substantiates the theoretical and methodological foundations of the strategy for ensuring the financial security of the bank. It is substantiated that to achieve a certain level of financial security of the bank it is advisable to use the GAP-method. It is proved that the application of this method will allow to single out only those components that have the greatest impact on the level of bank security and which need to be influenced. It is established that the strategy of ensuring the financial security of a banking institution should be aimed at bridging the gaps in key indicators. The methodology of game theory was used to establish the expediency of overcoming strategic gaps. It is proved that the application of the chosen methods of strategic planning will allow to quickly identify the causes of deviations from the safe level of the bank and justify the feasibility of influencing certain factors. Keywords: financial security of the bank, financial security strategy, GAP-method, integrated indicator of financial security of the bank. JEL Classification G 21, O 16 Formulas: 4; fig.: 0; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 17.
The modern stock exchange is an indicator of the efficiency of capital movements and rapid economic development. The stock market is a powerful platform for realizing opportunities to mobilize financial resources and the emergence of a number of new competitive investment instruments. Given this, the purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the Ukrainian stock market in the process of its globalization into the world environment. The analysis of the stock market of Ukraine conducted in the article makes it possible to state that its functional and institutional aspects clearly reflect the dependence of effective functioning on state influence. The key evidence of this is the negative results of the interdependence of GDP growth and stock market operations, as the stock market in recent years has not fulfilled its main functions – increasing liquidity of corporate finances and increasing the solvency of domestic business. It is noted that for the successful operation of the stock market it is necessary not only to attract the resources of foreign investors and strengthen investors’ protection, but also to improve the market infrastructure to the modern level. The focus is made on the main sources of attracting resources to the stock market, among which stocks, bonds and investment certificates still remain, which reflects the inconsistency of domestic standards with global needs and standards. The indicators presented in the article confirm this statement and characterize the unfavorable situation on the domestic securities market. Indicative in this situation is the negative balance of non-residents' investments in the Ukrainian economy through stock market instruments in recent years, and thus the increase in capital outflows of foreign investors. It is emphasized that the share of the Ukrainian stock market in the world is insignificant, which is destructive, given the geographical, production and labor resources concentrated in the country. At the same time, there is a lack of Ukrainian capital to meet domestic production needs. Conclusions are made on the need for further development of the stock market in Ukraine, as well as recommendations for improving the state of the stock market of Ukraine and the inflow of foreign capital in the future.
кандидат економічних наук, старший викладач кафедри фінансово-економічної безпеки, обліку і аудиту Харківського національного університету міського господарства імені О.М. Бекетова Висоцька І.Б. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів та обліку Львівського державного університету внутрішніх справ Нагірна О.В. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів та обліку Львівського державного університету внутрішніх справ
The article reveals the essence of the concepts of «customs security» and «smuggling». It is established that the main threat to the customs security of Ukraine is the prevalence of smuggling schemes. Analyzed the volume of foreign trade turnover, the volume of «commodity» smuggling, the amount of state budget losses due to the existence of smuggling schemes. The main external and internal reasons for the spread of smuggling schemes were disclosed. The main consequences of the spread of smuggling for the economy of the country are characterized. Measures to combat smuggling schemes are proposed.
The article analyzes the place and role of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex in world food exports and found that in 2020/21 Ukraine's share in world exports of wheat was 3%, corn – 2%, barley – 5%, sunflower seeds – 27%. Ukraine has traditionally exported grain by the Black Sea to many countries around the world. Russia's war against Ukraine has caused devastating damage to Ukraine's economy, and in particular to the agro-industrial complex, which has disrupted wheat exports and could lead to a protracted food crisis in Africa and Asia. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and benefits of bank loans to farmers under the program of state guarantees of 80% during the sowing campaign in 2022 and to predict the state of food security. To achieve the goal of publication and obtain sound conclusions, the authors used the method of systematic research, which includes observation of research objects, hypothetical-deductive method, chronological research and statistical analysis. Results. Lending to farmers in the spring plays an important role in agricultural production. To conduct the 2022 sowing campaign, farmers need a total of UAH 100 billion, of which UAH 25 billion is credit. The state of war in the country forced to reconsider the terms of lending to farmers and provide them with support in the form of state guarantees on a portfolio basis up to 80% of the total debt. The program is aimed at farmers with a sown area of 100 to 10,000 hectares. The money received can be used to buy fertilizers, seeds, fuel, salaries for employees. 15 banks take part in the program. At the end of May 2022, farmers received UAH 31.489 billion in loans, of which 80% under the program of state portfolio guarantees – UAH 20.297 billion (64.5%). As a result of the study, the authors concluded that the state support of Ukrainian farmers and the active position of the banking system made it possible to conduct a timely sowing campaign in 2022. This means that Ukraine will have a harvest in 2022/23 and will be able to meet its food export obligations and maintain global food security. Only export routes need to be restored!
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