This article analyzes the population’s self-preservation behavior based on the example of residents of Russia’s Central Federal District. It is shown that self-preservation is a critical component when it comes to defining a country’s demographical configuration and social development forecast model. Self-preservation and its effects turn out to be a response to consequences of social policy and the overall dynamics of life quality indexes, while shaping generational varieties of chronotopes. Self-preservation trajectories and strategies evolve as a result of socialization assisted by primary social institutions. This article presents the results of studying the population’s self-preservation behavior models and the institutional factors which affect their development, while emphasizing the role of social institutions in shaping the people’s attitudes in regards to their own health. The influence of primary social institutions such as family and marriage, economic and political institutions, external socialization and the healthcare system on a person’s self-preservation attitudes is subject to analysis. Institutional influence is evaluated from a health condition and total life expectancy standpoint, while examining the effect institutions have on establishing self-preservation habitus and strategies, the significance of institutional barriers and the stressful impact that institutions have on the population. The empirical models used were based on studies conducted by the International Sociological Research Center at the Belgorod State National Research University in the Central Federal District in 2019. The results of those studies allowed for defining the role of social institutions within each index of the “importance model”. It was found that institutional impact plays a minimal role in terms of the people’s health status and solutions for modifying their attitudes towards the matter, while total life expectancy is determined primarily by economic institutions. Self-preservation behavior habitus is shaped through the institution of family and marriage. The study revealed a negative influence on self-preservation behavior through the institutional barriers of external socialization institutions. The healthcare system bore the greatest stress potential. The study can be concluded by saying that the population of the Central Federal District is prepared to assume personal responsibility for their health, and by pointing out a lack of any substantial dependence on institutions: when it comes to the people’s evaluation of their own self-preservation strategies, the role of an individual not bound by institutions, together with the institution of family and marriage, dominates in terms of the intrinsic impact of the roles of all social subjects.
Социальная девиантность молодежи, связанная со злоупотреблением вредными веществами, как правило, химической природы, представляет собой не только проблему, но и явление, отражающее современный ценностный приоритет. Целью научного исследования стала фиксация рефлексии относительно подобных асоциальных явлений в среде российского студенчества, диагностика вовлеченности в ситуацию наркотизации и алкоголизации общества, определение перспектив и стратегий вероятного жизненного выбора молодежи в контексте девиантных практик. Научная и практическая значимость работы связаны с обозначением «социальных координат» и рисков, связанных со спецификой вовлеченности прогрессивной российской молодежи в девиантное пространство, определение точек контроля в диагностике социальной ситуации. Исследование проводилось в течение 7 лет с использованием комбинированных методов опроса (последние годы реализовано посредством онлайн-опросов). Основные результаты и выводы исследовательской работы связаны, прежде всего, с установлением высокой рискологичности среды российской молодежи, имеющей достаточно весомые сектора девиантных элементов в своем составе, для того, чтобы восприниматься средой, продуцирующей социальную девиацию. Практическое значение итогов работы определяется возможностью ее использования в рамках международной социологической компаративистики, в области разработки национальных программ регулирования наркотизации и алкоголизации населения, в региональных проектах управления молодежной политики, а также локальных решениях по предотвращению обозначенных рисков молодежной среды.
Introduction. The protest potential of youth is a complex, integrative concept that allows one to assess the existing prerequisites for the emergence of protest tension, protest readiness and protest activity of the subject. The scientific problem facing the industry community is establishing continuity between these indicators and predicting possible incidents in the youth environment, as well as significant behavioral reactions to social risks of the environment. Materials and Methods. The article proposes the results and analysis of materials from a 2021 study conducted among student youth in the Russian region (Belgorod Oblast) using a combined survey method (online survey and tablet interviews), using a spontaneous sample, in which quantitative limits were laid for the participation of respondents from different educational institutions, directions of training and courses. On the basis of the developed online form, 1557 respondents, aged 18 to 24, who study at regional universities, were interviewed. Results. On the basis of the proposed typology of protest potential, the regional protest potential of student youth is defined as a “progressive” type – a ripening protest mood, which has a particularly well-grounded discontent and readiness for its manifestation. The regional prerequisites for the formation of protest tension based on the reflection of the social situation, assessment of social security, diagnostics of violation of constitutional rights and freedoms, as well as discrimination of young people in the areas of receiving social services have been determined. Revealed the protest readiness not only to permitted, but also to prohibited forms of protest, determined the indices of the likelihood of the implementation of protest practices by student youth in the region. The protest activity of student youth was assessed as insignificant in the field of illegitimate forms of protest. Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to clarify a number of provisions related to the political activity of young people, to supplement the scientific basis on this issue of sectoral sociologies (youth sociology, political sociology), to actualize the scientific problem of finding and developing methodological tools for measuring the prerequisites of protest potential, creating mathematical models for predicting youth protest activity. Research materials have been and can be in demand by governing bodies of state youth policy of different levels, state and municipal governing bodies, governing bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, youth organizations, and educational institutions.
Цель статьи-опираясь на материалы социологического исследования, определить стратегические цели и действия российской молодежи с позиции духовно-нравственных оснований. Доказывается, что стратегии молодежи как особой социальной группы в различных сферах деятельности детерминируются актуализированными жизненными ценностями и зависят от состояния социальной среды, которая может обеспечивать устойчивость или, напротив, продуцировать риски их реализации. По результатам исследования определяются проблемные ориентации, характеризующие жизненные перспективы молодого поколения и позволяющие прогнозировать будущее состояние всей общественной системы. Как наиболее тревожные тенденции проявляются ориентация на иммиграционную модель жизненной стратегии и отказ от совместного проживания с пожилыми родителями. Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РФФИ, проект №18-411-310009 «Оценка социализационных траекторий молодежи региона России в рискологической парадигме».
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