The present paper provides a review of the most discussed issues with regard to creating a universal formal approach to study the politeness theory. What we see now is the lack of a proper metalanguage, and proliferation of various theoretical approaches: the presentday terminology describing polite behavior is represented by a variety of concepts: ‘appropriateness’, ‘saving face’, ‘face constituting’, ‘rapport management’ etc. along with a great number of diverse discursive practices in different cultures makes it quite a challenge to provide a coherent overview of politeness strategies. However, despite considerable fragmentation in politeness theory research we can observe certain consistency in the chosen methods for the interpretation of empirical material and experimental data. Firstly, specialists avoid using the term ‘politeness’ in theoretical reasoning due to abundance of peripheral semantic components realized in the speech of language users from different cultures, and restrict its employment to the interviewing of respondents. To interpret certain behavior as (im)polite and analyze its perception, the impact of expectations and norms is increasingly taken into consideration. Although research of authentic verbal interaction based on discourse analysis is still quite common, a greater focus on paralinguistic aspects of communication can be predicted. Research findings in the politeness theory will be more and more applied to discursive practices to benefit the health and welfare of the society.
Ц и т и р о в а н и е: Россихина М. Ю., Икатова И. И. Функционально-прагматические характеристики хеджей somewhat и a bit (of) в межличностном общении британцев.
Цель исследования состоит в изучении деструктивных аспектов невежливого вербального поведения в двух возрастных группах (пожилые -молодые) во внутрисемейном и внесемейном общении с точки зрения молодого поколения. Анкетирование позволило выявить расхождение в понимании вежливого поведения двумя поколениями: преобладание стратегий позитивной вежливости среди людей пенсионного возраста и предпочтение стратегий дистанцирования среди молодежи. Научная новизна работы состоит в применении дискурсивного подхода к исследованию механизмов невежливого поведения в межгенерационной коммуникации. Полученные результаты показали отсутствие интенциональности в некоторых видах взаимодействия, в то время как в классических трудах по теории вежливости она традиционно считалась одним из аспектов невежливого поведения.
Due to methodological and theoretical variety in approaches as well as in contingences while investigating invitation speech acts, the findings concerning their pragmatic characteristics have turned out to be different. This paper is an attempt to determine sociocultural features, pragmatic implications and representation
in the dialogue corpus of various types of invitations in Russian culture using contextual interpretation and pragmalinguistic analysis The findings demonstrate a frequent usage of addressee-oriented declaratives, followed by imperatives, questions and addresser-oriented declaratives with the meaning of a command. All these invitations are in fact direct obligatory impositives.
However, within the context of Russian culture they reveal the use of positive politeness strategies. The speech act of invitation cannot function on its own – it is semantically
and pragmatically connected to pre-invitation sequence, which makes it a complex speech act. The benefactive status of the addresser is enhanced due to the obligatory nature of the invitation which also ensures the speaker’s confidence about the successful outcome of the interaction, therefore there is no need for the inviter to resort to indirectness and negative politeness strategies. There are cases of self-invitations where an invitee takes the initiative, hereas an inviter has to perform a speech act with a weakened illocutionary force.
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