PACS 41.20. Gz, 75.50.Vv Designs for magnetic springs of two types have been proposed, and the methods of calculation of their retracting forces have been developed. Formulas are obtained for the retracting force in the main section of spring force characteristics. Experimental data are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculations. The force characteristics of the proposed magnetic spring constructions can be varied for a specific application. The derived formulas are verified experimentally. Ways to change the force characteristics of magnetic springs according to specific requirements are demonstrated. K e y w o r d s: magnetic spring, permanent magnet, magnetic circuit, retracting force, residual magnetic induction, demagnetizing factor, coercive force.
АННОТАЦИЯ В настоящее время, детали машин становятся все более сложными и точными. Это требует развития новых технологий механической обработки. В этих условиях многоосевая обработка на фрезерных станках с ЧПУ является одной из таких технологий. Несмотря на 20-ти летнюю историю развития этот подход все еще требует повышения эффективности для реализации современных задач. В работе представлена классификация пятиосевых станков и описаны сферы их применения. Рассмотрены преимущества и проблемы пятиосевой обработки. Проанализированы современные методы повышения ее эффективности. Ключевые слова: пятиосевая обработка; высокоскоростная обработка; стратегия обработки; траектория обработки; вибрация ABSTRACT At the present time, the parts of the machines are becoming more complex and precise. This requires the development of new machining technologies. In these conditions, multi-axis CNC machining is one of those technologies. In spite of the 20-year history of development, this approach still requires increasing efficiency in implementation to modern tasks. This article presents classification of the five-axis machines depending of the Z-axis location and the axis types and configuration. By default, Z-axis is spindle axis, and therefore, spindle location is determines the machine type (a vertical or horizontal machine). The particular configuration depends on which two of the three rotation axes are used and where they are located. Catalogues review gave the advantages, features and fields of the application of the particular configuration of five-axis machines. This article shows that path generation and vibrations are the main keypoints for improvement of five-axis machining. Path strategies evaluates from linear to advanced trochoidal with features detection. The high-speed machining is the main approach for finish five-axis machining, but other approaches are also used. Because of lower rigidity the vibration during five-axis machining could be both regenerative and forces depending on tool rotation speed and rigidity of machining system. The traditional methods for vibration decreasing are not effective often.
The structure of two types of magnetic valve is offered and the calculation methods of their pull-in force developed as well. The formulas of calculation of pull-in force in the main area of valves’ power characteristics are obtained. Experimental data are in alignment with theoretical calculations. Power characteristics of offered structures of magnetic valves may be changed in terms of the offered structural execution of magnetic valves. Experimental test of obtained formulas has been carried out. The ways of changing the power characteristics of magnetic valves in accordance with the requirements of certain applications are presented. The structures of magnetic reversing valves for drilling tools used in well drilling in various oil-gas bearing areas of SOCAR have been developed.
В настоящее время детали машин становятся все более сложными и точными. В этих условиях применение многоосевых станков с ЧПУ является действенным решением поставленных задач, так как различные компоновки этих станков позволяют обрабатывать детали разной серийности, габаритов и конфигураций. В работе представлена классификация деталей, требующих пятиосевой обработки. Рассмотрены особенности и резервы повышения эффективности пятиосевой обработки выделенных типов деталей. Отдельно рассмотрены методы повышения эффективности пятиосевой обработки деталей сложных форм (типа турбинных лопаток, крыльчаток и др.) на всех этапах обработки (черновая обработка; получистовая обработка; чистовая обработка). Выделены моменты, которым следует уделять особое внимание при пятиосевой обработке деталей сложных форм типа моноколесо из монолитной заготовки. Ключевые слова: пятиосевая обработка; детали сложных форм; моноколесо; вибрация; стратегия обработки.
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