Resumen-Esta investigación se centra en el análisis del ciclo de vida de una vivienda social chilena, para la cual es evaluado el cambio de muros de albañilería a muros estructurados en madera. Los cambios fueron evaluados en tres zonas climáticas donde el uso de muro de albañilería predomina sobre el muro estructurado en madera (Antofagasta, Santiago y Concepción). Para todas las zonas climáticas analizadas, las modelaciones mostraron que la vivienda social con muros estructurados en madera es más sustentable y confortable térmicamente. Por ejemplo, para la vivienda modelada en Santiago, los indicadores de impacto ambiental para energía acumulada demandada y para gases de efecto invernadero caen en 10,4% y 11,5% respectivamente. Además, destaca la energía incorporada más baja en la casa modelada con muros estructurados en madera, aproximadamente un tercio menor. Los resultados corresponden a una tipología de vivienda social chilena, donde la incorporación de elementos para reforzar la albañilería es característico en un país altamente sísmico como lo es Chile. Palabras Clave-Sustentabilidad, análisis de ciclo de vida, vivienda social, muro albañilería, muro madera.
The building of structures from steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in the external and conventional reinforced concrete (RC) in the internal layer represents an economical alternative of structures effectively using SFRC. The paper presents test results of flexural behaviour of layered beams with SFRC external layers and RC internal layer. The behaviour of these beams is compared to test results of SFRC and conventional RC beams. The test results show, that the flexural load capacity for all series of beams is nearly similar, but the deflections of layered beams are less comparing to monolithic ones. It also been shown that the equations indicated in the Eurocode 2 can be used to design the flexural reinforcement in layered SFRC beams.
When a multilayer concrete beam is built, several concrete mixtures could be poured sequentially. Usually concrete used in external layers are higher resistance than those placed in internal layers. Time between the pouring of the different layers could have influence on the beam behaviour. The goal of this paper is to study how temporary offset on manufacturing the multilayer concrete beams has influence on their mechanical behaviour. Some has test have been run out to some beams which let us know the different behavior between each other. Finally it has been determinate if the construction process is the cause or other factors lead to produce the founded differences.
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