The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living (ADLs) using the Barthel Index before and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also to determine whether or not the results varied according to gender. The ADLs of 68 cohabiting geriatric patients, 34 men and 34 women, in two nursing homes were measured before and after SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)) infection. COVID-19 infection was found to affect the performance of ADLs in institutionalized elderly in nursing homes, especially in the more elderly subjects, regardless of sex. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to having claimed many victims, especially in the elderly population, has led to a reduction in the abilities of these people to perform their ADLs and caused considerable worsening of their quality of life even after recovering from the disease.

Background In April 2020, Spain was the country with the highest number of patients infected by COVID‐19 in Europe. The pressure on health care providers has had a direct impact on nurses and their mental health. Aim The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causal relationship between resilience, acceptance, experiential avoidance, psychological inflexibility and burnout syndrome, all of which are measured with validated questionnaires. Methods This was designed as a transversal correlational study with nurses who worked during the acute phase of the pandemic in public hospitals in the Community of Madrid with patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 in COVID‐19 medical hospitalization units, emergency services and intensive care units. Google Forms was used to obtain an informed consent sheet, socio‐demographic variables and the following questionnaires: 10 CD‐Risk, Connor‐Davidson Risk Resilience Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire‐II and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results The final sample included 375 nurses with a high number of consecutive days of direct exposure to an infected patient and a very high number of consecutive days without rest; almost 18% suffered from COVID‐19. The nurses presented medium levels of resilience, medium levels of experiential avoidance and medium levels as measured for emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalization. We also found a predictive correlation between all the dimensions of the burnout questionnaire in relation to the data obtained from the resilience questionnaire. Conclusions There is a direct and predictive relationship between the resilience that nurses had during the acute phase of the pandemic and their capacity for acceptance, experiential avoidance, psychological inflexibility and burnout syndrome. Implications for Nursing Management The scores show the necessity to implement preventive measures to avoid fatal psychological consequences for nurses.

No abstract

Gender-based violence is considered a serious social and public health problem. Overcoming this situation implies a process that results in the favorable biopsychosocial rehabilitation of the resilience of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the tools, resources and personal and psychosocial mechanisms used by women survivors of gender-based violence. The design was an interpretative phenomenology. It was carried out with 22 women who have overcome gender-based violence. Data were collected through personal interviews and narration. The results were grouped into four themes: “Process of violence”, “Social resources for coping and overcoming GBV”, “Personal tools for coping and overcoming GBV” and “Feelings identified, from the abuse stage to the survival stage”. Several studies concluded that overcoming abuse is influenced by the women’s social network, and it can be the action of these people determining their survival to gender violence. Despite the recognized usefulness of these available resources, it would be desirable to strengthen them in order to be able to drive more women toward survival, assuming a strengthening of coping and overcoming, without forgetting the importance of other support mechanisms, such as their family and group therapies.

Purpose To analyze eating disorder patients and nursing professionals' views and experience of the relationship‐based care established. Design and Methods A qualitative study that employs an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nineteen patients and 19 nurses participated in the research through interviews and narrations. Findings Nurses' help is both unexpected and relevant during the patients' recovery process. They provide care not focusing just on nutritional aspects, other factors such as mutual help, the psychological, emotional, social, and personal aspects are highlighted. Practice Implications This study provides a deep understanding of the relationship‐based care established that makes it possible to expand knowledge and to individualize the care provided.

Background: The process of breastfeeding is linked to intergenerational influences based on attitudes and messages of grandmothers about their own experience, and this can reinforce or interfere with the experiences of future mothers in breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to explore the meanings transmissible to the next generation of nursing mothers, based on the experiences of grandmothers. Methods: We report the findings of an interpretive phenomenological qualitative research based on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. In-depth interviews were conducted in Madrid with 17 participants who breastfed before the age of 35 and more than 8 years ago (to ensure the settlement of transmissible meanings in remote memory). Data were analyzed by interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings: Two thematic categories were identified: "Breastfeeding: life experiences" and "Breastfeeding: body and mind process", which show that mothers want to convey the need for a balance that allows maintaining the role of women outside of stereotypes but that is also compatible with the rhythm of life, giving new meanings to attachment, weaning, and modesty. Conclusions: Meanings that future grandmothers wish to transmit to the next generation of nursing mothers are related to the search for a satisfactory experience for the mother, who must make an adjustment in her life, freeing herself of inflexible messages about attachment and the maternal role. Practical implications: Strategies to promote breastfeeding and care for nursing mothers can improve the impact of trying to understand the meanings that are transmitted by the grandmothers in the family environment.

In 1994, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) included “culture-bound syndromes” in its classification of psychiatric disorders and associated them with disease processes that manifest in behavioural or thought disorders that develop within a given cultural context. This study examines the definitions, explanatory models, signs and symptoms, and healthcare-seeking behaviours common to Fang culture-bound syndromes (i.e., kong, eluma, witchcraft, mibili, mikug, and nsamadalu). The Fang ethnic group is the majority ethnic group in Equatorial Guinea. From September 2012 to January 2013, 45 key Fang informants were selected, including community leaders, tribal elders, healthcare workers, traditional healers, and non-Catholic pastors in 39 of 724 Fang tribal villages in 6 of 13 districts in the mainland region of Equatorial Guinea. An ethnographic approach with an emic-etic perspective was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and a questionnaire that included DHS6 key indicators. Interviews were designed based on the Cultural Formulation form in the DSM-5 and explored the definition of Fang cultural syndromes, symptoms, cultural perceptions of cause, and current help-seeking. Participants defined “Fang culture-bound syndromes" as those diseases that cannot be cured, treated, or diagnosed by science. Such syndromes present with the same signs and symptoms as diseases identified by Western medicine. However, they arise because of the actions of enemies, because of the actions of spirits or ancestors, as punishments for disregarding the law of God, because of the violation of sexual or dietary taboos, or because of the violation of a Fang rite of passage, the dzas, which is celebrated at birth. Six Fang culture-bound syndromes were included in the study: 1) Eluma, a disease that is targeted at the victim out of envy and starts out with sharp, intense, focussed pain and aggressiveness; 2) Witchcraft, characterized by isolation from the outside, socially maladaptive behaviour, and the use of hallucinogenic substances; 3) Kong, which is common among the wealthy class and manifests as a disconnection from the environment and a lack of vital energy; 4) Mibili, a possession by evil spirits that manifests through visual and auditory hallucinations; 5) Mikug, which appears after a person has had contact with human bones in a ritual; and 6) Nsamadalu, which emerges after a traumatic process caused by violating traditions through having sexual relations with one’s sister or brother. The therapeutic resources of choice for addressing Fang culture-bound syndromes were traditional Fang medicine and the religious practices of the Bethany and Pentecostal churches, among others. Among African ethnic groups, symbolism, the weight of tradition, and the principle of chance in health and disease are underlying factors in the presentation of certain diseases, which in ethno-psychiatry are now referred to as culture-bound syndromes. In this study, traditional heal...

Future grandmothers desire to be involved in their daughters and daughters-in-law breastfeeding experience through flexibility and support and with the use of specialized and personalized professional help. In addition, future grandmothers desire to be valued and included in the vital process of breastfeeding.