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Information visualization has been widely adopted to represent and visualize data patterns as it offers users fast access to data facts and can highlight specific points beyond plain figures and words. As data comes from multiple sources, in all types of formats, and in unprecedented volumes, the need intensifies for more powerful and effective data visualization tools. In the manufacturing industry, immersive technology can enhance the way users artificially perceive and interact with data linked to the shop floor. However, showcases of prototypes of such technology have shown limited results. The low level of digitalization, the complexity of the required infrastructure, the lack of knowledge about Augmented Reality (AR), and the calibration processes that are required whenever the shop floor configuration changes hinders the adoption of the technology. In this paper, we investigate the design of middleware that can automate the configuration of X-Reality (XR) systems and create tangible in-site visualizations and interactions with industrial assets. The main contribution of this paper is a middleware architecture that enables communication and interaction across different technologies without manual configuration or calibration. This has the potential to turn shop floors into seamless interaction spaces that empower users with pervasive forms of data sharing, analysis and presentation that are not restricted to a specific hardware configuration. The novelty of our work is due to its autonomous approach for finding and communicating calibrations and data format transformations between devices, which does not require user intervention. Our prototype middleware has been validated with a test case in a controlled digital-physical scenario composed of a robot and industrial equipment.

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In this paper, we discuss how Cross Reality (XR) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can support assembly tasks in hybrid human-machine manufacturing lines. We describe a Cross Reality system, designed to improve efficiency and ergonomics in industrial environments that require manual assembly operations. Our objective is to reduce the high costs of authoring assembly manuals and to improve the process of skills transfer, in particular, in assembly tasks that include workers with disabilities. The automation of short-lived assembly tasks, i.e., manufacturing of limited batches of customized products, does not yield significant returns considering the automation effort necessary and the production time frame. In the design of our XR system, we discuss how aspects of content creation can be automated for short-lived tasks and how seamless interoperability between devices facilitates skills transfer in human-machine hybrid environments.