We compared the expression of human ~-and ~-defensins by various human tissues, mRNA for cc-defensins HNP1-3, abundant in bone marrow, was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen and thymus by RT-PCR, which revealed cc-defensins HD5 and HD6 only in the small intestine. In contrast, the pancreas and kidney expressed high levels of hBD-1 and lower levels of this [~-defensin were found in many organs by RT-PCR (salivary gland > trachea > prostate and placenta > thymus, testis, small intestine), hBD-1 mRNA was produced constitutively by cultured normal human epithelial cells derived from the trachea, bronchi, small airways and the mammary gland. These largely non-overlapping tissue distributions of human a~-and [~-defensins suggest that hBD-1 may be positioned to defend epithelial cells and mucosae from infection, whereas expression of HNP1-3 in neutrophils and HD5 and HD6 in Paneth cells allows these cc-defensins to participate in systemic and small intestinal host defenses, respectively.
ABSTRACT.Purpose: Photodynamic therapy utilising d-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX photosensitisation, was evaluated as a treatment modality for nonmelanoma skin malignancies of the eyelids and the periocular skin.
Laser-induced fluorescence spectra were recorded in patients undergoing urinary bladder cystoscopy. The measurements were performed in vivo and the spectra were collected from normal and diseased tissue. The patients were divided into two groups. An instillation of a 1 % &-amino-levulinic acid (ALA) solution was performed 2-4 hours prior to the investigation of one group of patients. A second group of patients was investigated without any tumour marking substance. The fluorescence was detected following laser excitation at 405 and 337 nm.Fluorescence emission related to ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was detected in the ALA group for 405 nm excitation. The data were evaluated at the PpIX emission peak at 635 nm and at 490 nm, which approximately corresponds to the peak of the tissue autofluorescence. The data obtained with 337 nm excitation were evaluated at 400 and 460 nm as well as at 390 and 43 1 nm. The ratios of the respective wavelength pairs were formed in order to investigate the demarcation between tumour and normal tissue.The tumour demarcation results were better and more consistent ulilising the autofluorescence signal following excitation at 337 nm than the Pp1X-related signal excited at 405 nm.
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