Ambient radiation is needed to sustain high ascorbic acid concentration in the corneal epithelium. Corneal epithelial thickness and number of cells are prone to seasonal fluctuations regulated by ambient radiation. In contrast, ascorbate content of the aqueous humor is uninfluenced by environmental change. It is suggested that seasonal adaptation of mammalian corneal epithelium in response to variation in ambient radiation may be nature's strategy for countering radiation damage to the eye.
SummaryA method for visualization of the multimeric forms of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in plasma and platelets is described. The method is based upon: 1) Separation of the vWF multimers by SDS-agarose electrophoresis, 2) Subsequent blotting of the vWF multimers onto nitrocellulose, 3) Immunolocalization and visualization of the vWF pattern by the sequential incubation of the blot with a) primary vWF antiserum, b) peroxidase- or beta-galactosidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and a relevant chromogenic substrate.
Summary The extent of lectin binding by three human melanoma (LOX, FEMX-I and SESX) and two sarcoma lines (MHMX and OHSX) was related to their potential for experimental metastasis formation in athymic nude mice. The Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), which recognises the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine ligand, showed differential binding to the cell lines in a manner that correlated with their ability to give lung colonies after i.v. injection in the mice (P<0.005). The degree of HPA binding and lung colony formation of the cell lines studied was ranked in the following order, LOX> MHMX> OHSX> SESX > FEMX-I. Similar patterns were not observed with the other lectins used in this study (WGA, Con A, PNA and UEA-I). The high HPA reacting LOX melanoma line shows extensive pulmonary metastatic formation with no extrapulmonary colonies, whereas the low HPA reacting FEMX-I cells give only extrapulmonary metastases with no detectable colonies in the lungs. Precoating of tumour cells with HPA prior to injection did not reduce the ability of cells to give pulmonary metastases, suggesting that the HPA epitope was not functionally associated with the pulmonary metastatic potential observed in nude mice. These findings support recent human studies of a correlation between HPA binding and incidence of metastasis, however, our data indicate that there is no causal relationship. Further analyses are required to identify the specific HPA-binding glycoconjugates that may be involved.Cancer cells often display aberrant glycosylation of surface membrane proteins and lipids (Hakomori & Kannagi, 1983;Reading & Hutchins, 1985). The altered structure or expression of these sugar-containing molecules on malignant cells is thought to be important for some of the events leading to the formation of metastasis (Nicolson, 1984) (Leathem & Brooks, 1987;Springer, 1989;Brooks & Leathem, 1991;Fukutomi et al., 1991;Schumacher et al., 1992), gastrointestinal tract (Kakeji et al., 1991) and prostate (Shiraishi et al., 1992). Most experimental studies on the role of membrane glyconjugates in the metastatic process have been performed in syngeneic rodent tumour systems (Tao & Burger, 1977;Dennis et al., 1981;Finne et al., 1989;Hagmar et al., 1990). In the present study we have used human melanoma and sarcoma cell lines in nude mice to examine whether a relationship between lectin binding and metastatic potential could be detected. Materials and methods AnimalsCongenitally nude mice (Balb/c) were bred and maintained as previously described (Fodstad et al., 1988a). Animals (4-6 weeks of age) of both sexes were used. (Fodstad et al., 1986) and the MHMX unclassified sarcoma. The cell lines were all established from biopsies of patients at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. The cells were cultured as monolayers and as xenografts in nude mice. The monolayer cultures were maintained at 37°C in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, Paisley, UK) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Serva, Heidelberg, Germany), 1,000 IU ml-' penicillin, 1I00 lg ml-' streptomycin and 2 mg I' L-glutam...
Bone metastases reproducibly developed in nude rats after an injection of LOX human malignant melanoma cells into the left ventricle, with hind leg paralyses appearing in all animals within approximately 2 weeks. Manifest metastases were present exclusively in the skeletal system, predominantly in the lumbar portion of the spine, the long bones, and occasionally in the skull. Intracardially injected 125I-labeled tumor cells and monodisperse microspheres were distributed in parallel to the various tissues. Moreover, because the levels of radioactivity were significantly lower in bone than in lung, kidney, and liver, the pattern of metastases could not be explained solely by hemodynamic factors. In chemotherapy experiments, the survival time of rats given left ventricular injections of LOX cells increased in a dose-dependent manner after the animals were treated with dacarbazine. Researchers may find the model useful for studying the biology of bone metastases and for testing the sensitivity of these lesions to drugs.
The triple-component epidural analgesic solution remained stable during six months of cold storage, followed by four days of storage at room temperature. No significant degradation of adrenaline was observed in infusion solutions returned from the wards.
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