Objective: To investigate whether isokinetic muscle strengthening improves muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials at PubMed/Medline, SciELO, PEDro, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from the earliest date available to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of isokinetic muscle strengthening versus other rehabilitation interventions or control in post-stroke patients were included. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 test. Results: In total, 13 studies (347 patients) focusing on the use of isokinetic in rehabilitation following stroke were included. All trials were of low-to-moderate quality. Isokinetic muscle strengthening improved muscle strength WMD 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; N = 96), mobility WMD −2.03 seconds (95% CI: −2.9, −1.1; N = 111) and gait speed WMD 0.9 m/s (95% CI: 0.05, 1.8; N = 87). Conclusion: Isokinetic muscle strengthening seems to be a useful strategy for improving muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients.
Background: The repetitions attributed to the shoulders, mainly to the internal rotator muscles, during the throwing movements increase the risk of injury. Thus, it is necessary to ensure an adequate balance between the internal rotator (IR) muscles and their antagonists, external rotators (ER). Objective: To describe the strength and muscle balance of internal and external shoulder rotators in handball players. Methods: Descriptive sectional study with 58 handball athletes. Muscle function was assessed by the isokinetic dynamometer, the variables analyzed were the peak torque (TP) between the right and left shoulders and the antagonist/agonist ratio. Results: The lowest TP value in women ranged from 2.18 at angular speed of 300º/s (ER) to 33.0 at angular speed of 60º/s (IR). For the ER / IR ratio, the lowest value was 0.11 and the highest 0.79. For males, the lowest PT value was 27.5 (ER) at an angular speed of 300º / s, a higher value of 69.5 (IR) at angled speed of 60º/s. The RE / IR ratio ranged from 0.54 to 0.71. Conclusion: It was shown that the highest values of strength are in the dominant shoulder, for both sexes, which is considered normal. However, we also found a deficit in the ER / IR ratio above the cutoff point indicated in the literature, suggesting a significant muscle imbalance.Keywords: shoulder, handball, isokinetic dynamometer.
Context: Despite increasing use of reference values in isokinetic measurements and increasing importance, there is no systematic review of the reference values for lower and upper limb isokinetic muscle strength. Objective: A systematic review to analyze studies on the reference values and protocols for the measurement for upper and lower limb isokinetic muscle strength in an untrained and noninjured healthy population. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo, and CINAHL (from the earliest date available to June 2020). Study Selection: Studies that measured a set of reference values for isokinetic muscle strength. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Two reviewers selected studies independently. Data related to participants characteristics, outcomes of interest, isokinetic parameters, reference values for isokinetic muscle strength, and quality of evidence assessment were systematically reviewed independently by 2 authors. Results: A total of 31 studies met the study criteria. The included studies were used to synthesize the isokinetic muscle strength data according to age-group and sex. We extracted 1845 normative data related to isokinetic strength. Of these, 1181 items referred to lower limbs and 664 items to upper limbs. Conclusion: In general, agonist muscle groups are stronger than antagonist muscles, and the men tend to obtain higher strength values than women. The angular velocity varied from 10 to 300 deg/s. The reference values identified can be useful for professionals to obtain during the isokinetic evaluation of the diagnostic parameters of muscle deficiency.
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