Since the revised MRC guidance on the development and evaluation of complex interventions was published in 2008, much progress has been made in developing and defining good practice, and there is an increasingly detailed and comprehensive set of guidance available to help researchers and funders make the right choices. But progress is patchy, and evidence continues to accumulate of waste in research. Robust approaches are needed, that combine good practice across all stages of the evaluation process, from the initial choice and framing of research questions, through to implementation and translation of evidence. The elements of a robust approach are mostly well-known, but much more rarely are they combined into a coherent package. The talk will consider why this is so, and what can be done to improve matters. This presentation will provide the history of the "Complex Interventions in Health" book. The development of the book took off in the European Academy of Nursing Science (EANS) summer school. For more than 12 years the EANS has gathered doctoral students from all over Europe in a three year programme. The content developed over time, inspired by the critique stating that nursing research was heavily dominated by descriptive, crosssectional or qualitative research not really informing practice. This lead to building a curriculum based on the MRC guidance on complex interventions and the teaching programme became truly successful among students. The road to developing the content for a book was short. Professor Richards and I played around on the black board and after that it has been a success-story. So many authors delivering on time! However, rightfully we have been told that research in health is more than researching complex interventions. I cannot agree more, it is only one step, but a very important one. Health research, as any research with aspirations for informing practice, needs to be carried out systematically and programmatically, using a variety of designs and methods. It is helpful to think of knowledge development as being a stepwise process starting off with discovery and once possible going into the phase of evaluation and once solid knowledge is obtained it is about implementation in practice. In this presentation I will explain what PPI is, what it isn't, and how it differs from engagement, as there is some misunderstanding. There is a range of both ethical and pragmatic reasons for involving members of the public and patients in research, depending on the different values and perspectives of those involved. I will provide practical examples of PPI at different stages of the research cycle: identifying and prioritising research questions; developing research proposals; doing research; analysing research data; disseminating and implementing findings; as well as PPI in systematic reviewing and operational research. Drawing on my own research, I will use the particular example of the Diabetes Intervention for Agenda Trial (DIAT) to illustrate PPI in a trial from start to finish. I will presen...
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