The present investigation is connected to the field of medical textiles, which includes the development and application of composite fibers. The aim of the paper is the processing and investigation of polyamide 6 (PA6)–amber composite fibers. The use of amber filler for the preparation of a new type of polymer composite fiber is described in detail for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and granulometry testing were used to test the structure and the size of the prepared amber particles. The obtained amber particles were characterized by an average size of up to 3 µm and a regular shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigations showed that amber in the dispersed state does not change its chemical structure and contains one of the active compounds—succinic acid. The effect of the amber filler inclusion on the melt-spinning routes of fully drawn yarns (FDY) and pre-oriented yarns (POY) was determined. Amber composite fibers general use is medical fabric (compression socks and tights); it is biocompatible with skin cells.
The unique biological properties of amber are well known. Amber particles that penetrate into the cellular matrix can potentially be used as markers of plant cell biological activity by identification of living cells in flow cytometry. However, there have been no studies on effect of amber particles on plant cells. The aim of this study was to determine effect of amber nano- and micro- (5 nm-3 μm) particles on somatic and gametic cells and to assess the possibility to use amber particles as alive plant cells markers. To reach the aim, fluorescence of cells was determined in the presence of amber particles, and amber components - spirit of amber and sodium succinate dibasic hexahydrate. Cell fluorescence was measured using a BD FACSJazz® cell sorter for several plants species (Argyranthemum frutescens, Cyclamen persicum, Hordeum vulgare and Linum usitatissimum) with and without treatment of amber. Differences between a control cell group (without amber treatment) and treated cell group with amber particles depended on plant species. The presence of amber components (alcohol soluble amber fraction and sodium succinate) in cultivation media mostly had no influence on cell fluorescence. The study showed that amber particles (size 5 nm-3 μm) can be used as living plant cell markers, as the presence of amber particles in plant cell cultivation media resulted in substantially increased plant cell fluorescence in all investigated species, and there was no detrimental effect of amber particles on plant cells.
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