In this article, it is intended to reflect about the concept of celebrity, mainly in the end of the XIX century, departing from Émile Zola. In this context, the main goals are both the understanding of the construction of the concept “celebrity”, and how and if it may fit to a literary figure as Zola as a public person, based on the analysis of a specific medium, the letter, as a means of communication situated between the public and private spheres. We propose to analyse a corpus of letters, available on the Eman platform, sent from the Ibero-American area to Zola at the end of the 19th century. This corpus does not constitute a uniform object of analysis, given the diversity of letter writers who take the liberty of writing to Zola during this period when the novelist and his work are already well known and had been the target of numerous polemics on art and literature in the decade preceding the writing of these texts. From a theoretical point of view, we place ourselves in the perspective of studies concerning the history and culture of celebrity, as well as studies concerning comparative literature. In the light of these achievements, we will seek to study this corpus as an expression of an audience that reflects the image of Zola as a public figure and, at the same time, achieves a literary and cultural self-reflection. The methodologies used will be a qualitative analysis applied to the content of the letters, in order to show that, although correspondence have traditionally been allocated a secondary status, in fact the correspondence method, as a primary data-gathering technique, may present unique advantages circumventing the embarrassment that participants may face otherwise.
Se explora el cambio en la percepción social de la polio en la Península Ibérica a través del análisis de contenidos, entre 1995 y 2009, de dos periódicos de gran tirada. La desaparición en la agenda periodística de la polio y de las personas que viven con sus secuelas influyó en el olvido de la misma en la agenda pública. La poliomielitis se vinculó a la pobreza y la ignorancia en países lejanos, susceptibles de acciones de cooperación, siendo objeto de atención solo cuando es percibida como amenaza para Occidente, vinculada a crisis sanitarias o en un sentido metafórico. Así, el síndrome post-polio fue invisibilizado en el caso portugués y débilmente representado en España por el movimiento asociativo.
In the context of naturalist transfers, we propose to reflect on the way in which the translation of Zola’s works has acted on the translator-writer who, by appropriating the translated text, pursues the reception of Zola’s work in the work that he himself will later sign as author. More precisely, we start from the analysis of the bibliography of one of the first translators of Zola in Portugal, Eduardo de Barros Lobo, to place the literary translation in a vast process of reception and metamorphosis of the naturalist text. We conclude that the work of Eduardo de Barros Lobo echoes the diversity of naturalist literature and the coexistence of several literary canons in the context of the globalization of naturalism.
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