Abstract:The Future Mobility Survey (FMS) is a smartphone-based prompted-recall travel survey that aims to support data collection initiatives for transport modeling purposes. This paper details the considerations that have gone into its development, including the smartphone apps for iPhone and Android platforms, the online activity diary and user interface, and the background intelligence for processing collected data into activity locations and travel traces. We discuss the various trade-offs regarding user comprehension, resource use, and participant burden, including findings from usability tests and a pilot study. We find that close attention should be paid to the simplicity of the user interaction, determinations of activity locations (such as the false positive/false negative trade-off in their automatic classification), and the clarity of interactions in the activity diary. The FMS system design and implementation provides pragmatic, useful insights into the development of similar platforms and approaches for travel/activity surveys.

Consolidation of memory traces in cultured cortical networks requires low cholinergic tone, synchronized activity and high network excitability To cite this article: Inês Dias et al 2021 J. Neural Eng. 18 046051 View the article online for updates and enhancements.

Tools to estimate brain connectivity offer the potential to enhance our understanding of brain functioning. The behavior of neuronal networks, including functional connectivity and induced connectivity changes by external stimuli, can be studied using models of cultured neurons. Cultured neurons tend to be active in groups, and pairs of neurons are said to be functionally connected when their firing patterns show significant synchronicity. Methods to infer functional connections are often based on pair-wise cross-correlation between activity patterns of (small groups of) neurons. However, these methods are not very sensitive to detect inhibitory connections, and they were not designed for use during stimulation. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models may provide a conceptually different method to infer functional connectivity. They have the potential benefit to estimate functional connectivity during stimulation, and to infer excitatory as well as inhibitory connections. MaxEnt models do not involve pairwise comparison, but aim to capture probability distributions of sets of neurons that are synchronously active in discrete time bins. We used electrophysiological recordings from in vitro neuronal cultures on micro electrode arrays to investigate the ability of MaxEnt models to infer functional connectivity. Connectivity estimates provided by MaxEnt models correlated well with those obtained by conditional firing probabilities (CFP), an established cross-correlation based method. In addition, stimulus-induced connectivity changes were detected by MaxEnt models, and were of the same magnitude as those detected by CFP. Thus, MaxEnt models provide a potentially powerful new tool to study functional connectivity in neuronal networks.

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