Trust is shaped by the role of personal interaction in social experience, including past experiences, individual knowledge of events experienced by close people, and exposure to information from the community. Based on this paradigm, individuals who are formed with different experience, knowledge, and information will have different trust. Aiming to examine the paradigm, this study investigated the differences of trust in two groups of participants with different experiences, i.e. prisoners (n= 68) and non-prisoners (n = 68). Using the questionnaire of trust in institution, trust in people scale, and inclusive general trust scale, the data were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon. Results showed that there were no significant differences between groups in the level of general trust, and there were significant differences between groups in the level of trust in institution. This study supports the opinion that trust is more a matter of culture.
This study aims to describe the effect of sanctions (individual sanctions, collective sanctions, and absence of sanctions) on cooperative behavior of individuals with medium trust in the context of corruption. Both collective sanctions and individual sanctions, are systemic, which means sanctioning behavior is exercised not by each individual but by the system. Cooperative behavior in this context means choosing to obey rules, to reject acts of corruption and to prioritize public interests rather than the personal interests. Conversely, corruption is an uncooperative behavior to the rules, and ignores the public interest and prioritizes personal interests. Research subjects were 62 students. The Chi-Square Analysis was used to see the association between the variables and the logistic regression model was applied to describe the structure of this association. Individual sanction is recommended as punishment to medium trust individuals to promote cooperative behavior in the context of corruption. The results showed that individuals with medium trust had more cooperative behavior.
Emesis gravidarum is a common complaint of nausea and vomitting that felt by almost 90% of pregnant women. Emesis gravidarum, or better known as morning sickness, offen occur on first trimester of pregnancy. It bring on decrease quality of life pregnant women. It effects to physical and psychological health in pregnancy, family and social life, also their occupation. Etiology of emesis gravidarum is multifactors. This research aim is to analyze relationship between Beta HCG hormone level, anxiety and stress with severe degrees of emesis gravidarum on first trimester of pregnancy. Research used case control studied on 44 pregnant women on first trimester of pregnancy, each group was paired according to their gestational age. Research result show that there is a significant relationship between Beta HCG hormone level (p<0.001; OR 63.3; 95% CI 9.509-421.822) and anxiety (p<0.05; OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.325-18.205) with severe degrees of emesis gravidarum. Characteristic and demographics not entirely related to emesis gravidarum. Conclusion of this research is psychological and hormonal factors are related to severe degrees of emesis gravidarum. Dominant factors that caused severe degrees emesis gravidarum are multigravida and Beta HCG hormone levels in excess more than 49950 mui/dL.
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