Our paper emphasizes on the ocular hypertensive side effects of steroids in children. There are many instances where one can avoid the use of steroids and consider nonsteroidal/anti-inflammatory alternatives. Withdrawal of steroids and antiglaucoma medicines are effective in controlling IOP in majority (80.5%).
Introduction: Paranasal sinus plays an important role in the formation of facial contours. Therefore, knowledge of the development and size of the maxillary sinus and frontal sinus may be crucial for diagnosing and treating various classes of malocclusion. Aim: To evaluate the reliability of frontal sinus with that of maxillary sinus in the assessment of different types of skeletal malocclusions. Settings and Design: Sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 240 patients with three different skeletal malocclusions. Material and Methods: The sample for the study consists of 240 patients (120 males and 120 females) with age of the subjects ranging from 16 to 25 years divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III on the basis of ANB angle (each 40 patients). Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were assessed and correlate with maxillary and frontal sinus size, which is obtained through AutoCAD program. Statistical Analysis: Pearson's correlation coefficient used. Results: The results show a significant correlation of frontal sinus with skeletal malocclusion (P < 0.05) as compared to the maxillary sinus. Conclusions: (1) Frontal sinus is more reliable as compared to maxillary sinus in depicting skeletal malocclusion. (2) Frontal sinus area larger in skeletal Class III malocclusion as compared to skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusion. (3) There is no significant variation in maxillary sinus area in males and females whereas frontal sinus shows significant variations in both males and females in different skeletal malocclusions.
Aim: This study aims to study the presentation pattern of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in Northern India and analyze the relationship to its outcome if any. Methods: A total of 90 patients (157 eyes) with PCG presenting between January 2003 and December 2011, with at least 1-year follow-up after surgery were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were increased corneal diameter (>12.0 mm), intraocular pressure (IOP) >18 mmHg, and/or presence of Haab's striae with or without optic disc changes. Demographic data, whether the patient was self-reported or doctor referred, presenting IOP, corneal diameter, corneal clarity, and optic nerve damage where visualized, were recorded. Outcome of treatment was determined depending on IOP control and requirement of drugs. Differences in presenting feature between selfreported and doctor-referred patients, and association between presenting features and outcome was analyzed. Results: Majority (67%) were self-reported. 102 eyes had hazy corneas; 45 eyes (28.7%) presented with corneal opacity. Doctor-referred patients presented earlier (P ≤ 0.001), had significantly lower IOP (P = 0.009), and smaller corneal diameters (P = 0.049) than self-reported. Good outcome was correlated with lower IOP (P = 0.005) and smaller cornea (P < 0.001) at presentation. Corneal opacity at presentation was strongly correlated to poor outcome (P < 0.001). Optic disc cupping at presentation had no bearing on the final outcome. Conclusions: Corneal involvement appears to occur early in this cohort of PCG. Corneal examination under torchlight by paramedical personnel, general physicians, and pediatricians might lead to an early referral before vision-threatening complications develop. However, early corneal involvement may indicate more severe disease and is likely to have a poor prognosis regardless of the time of referral.
Introduction: Palatal rugae used for the evaluation of dental movements and as a landmark in the superimposition of dental cast for orthodontic purpose as it is a stable point. So, the aims and objectives of our study is to investigate the association of morphological characteristics of palatal rugae with dental malocclusion in Himachali population. Materials and methods: 90 subjects divided into three groups (n=30 each) on the basis of Angle’s classification. Palatal rugae were marked on dental casts and evaluated for length, pattern and orientation. Obtained measurements were then statistically analysed. Conclusion: Primary palatal rugae’s length was found more in Class II followed by Class III and Class I malocclusion. Among the pattern of the primary palatal rugae, curved pattern were more evident on both right and left sides of all malocclusion groups. Horizontal directed orientation is more predominant on the right side and posteriorly directed on the left side of the first primary palatine rugae. Keywords: Rugae, Malocclusion, orientation pattern, length, morphology.
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