Objective(s) We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of amniotic fluid index (AFI) (\5) for adverse perinatal outcome in terms of cesarean section for fetal distress, birth weight, meconium staining, Apgar scores, and cord pH at birth. Result(s) The cesarean section rate for fetal distress and low birth weight babies, \2.5 kg, was higher in patients with oligohydramnios (p = 0.048, 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in meconium staining, Apgar score at 5 min \7, and cord pH at birth between the two groups (p = 0.881, 0.884, 0.764, respectively). Conclusions Oligohydramnios has a significant correlation with cesarean section for fetal distress and low birth weight babies.

SIS was found to be more sensitive and specific than TVS in detection of intra cavity abnormalities.

Background and Objective:Hyperprolactinemia affects the reproductive endocrine axis; however, the degree of dysfunction may vary depending on etiology. The aim of the present study was to analyze menstrual cyclicity in patients with prolactinoma and drug-induced hyperprolactinemia (DIH).Methodology:Patients with prolactinoma and DIH were retrospectively analyzed for menstrual cyclicity at presentation and response to therapy.Results:Of 128 females with hyperprolactinemia, 58 had prolactinoma (41 microadenoma and 17 macroadenoma) and 39 had DIH. Patients with prolactinoma had higher prolactin levels and increased frequency of oligomenorrhea (77.5% vs. 46%) as compared to DIH. Patients with macroprolactinoma had more severe menstrual disturbances compared to microprolactinoma. A higher percentage of patients with microprolactinoma and DIH achieved regular menstrual cycles compared to macroprolactinoma postcabergoline treatment (85% and 90% vs. 65%). There was no correlation between time to regularization of menstrual cycles with age, menstrual cycle length, duration of menstrual irregularity, or initial prolactin level in patients with prolactinoma. Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between time to regularization of menstrual cycles with time to normalization of prolactin levels (P = 0.001).Conclusion:There is a prompt restoration of menstrual cycles in patients with microprolactinoma and DIH. Patients with macroprolactinoma have more severe menstrual disturbances and lesser frequency of cycle restoration postcabergoline treatment compared to microprolactinoma and DIH.

Background: Early detection of abnormal progress and prevention of prolonged labour can significantly improve the outcome of labour. Partograph is an inexpensive tool which can provide a continuous pictorial overview of labour and is essential to monitor and manage labour. The objectives were to study the course of normal and abnormal labour and to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome using simple and composite WHO partogram.Methods: This was a randomized study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, a tertiary care centre in North India. 200 women with term, singleton, vertex gestation, in spontaneous labor were included in the study. In 100 cases composite partograph was plotted and in rest 100 cases simple partograph was plotted. The following outcomes were compared: labor crossing the alert and action line, augmentation of labor, rate of cesarean section, perinatal and maternal outcome.Results: The partogram crossed the alert line (p 0.008) and action lines (p 0.017), causing increased need for augmentation (p 0.034) in the composite partogram which was statistically significant. The numbers of vaginal deliveries were high (p<0.001) and decrease number of cesarean sections (p 0.007) and instrumental deliveries (p 0.009) in the simplified group. NICU admissions were also higher in the composite group (p<0.05), though most of the NICU admissions were due to hyperbilirubinemia and low birth weight and was not directly related to monitoring of labour.Conclusions: It was observed in the present study that labour can be managed without the latent phase being plotted on the partograph. The interventions were higher when the latent phase was included, with increased number of labours crossing the alert and action lines, increased no. of augmentations and larger number of caesarean sections. Our study favours the use of the WHO modified partograph, which should become routine practice in monitoring labour for better maternal and perinatal outcome.

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Background: In view of high rate of unintended pregnancy in our country, particularly in post-partum women, there is a need for reliable, effective and long-term contraception such as intrauterine device (IUCD) in post-partum women. This study was done to determine the efficacy and safety of Post-Partum Intrauterine Device (PPIUCD) and to compare the outcomes of PPIUCD insertion after vaginal delivery and caesarean section.Methods: This follow up study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. R.M.L Hospital, PGIMER, New Delhi over a period of 7 month from January 2016 to July 2016. PPIUCD (cu T- 380 A) insertions were done in 136 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Women having haemoglobin less than 8 gm%, rupture of membranes more than 18 hours, obstructed labour, Uterine anomalies, distorted uterine cavity by fibroid, significant postpartum haemorrhage, coagulation disorders, fever or clinical symptoms of infection during labour were excluded from the study. Post insertion counselling was done, and these women were advised to follow up at 6 weeks and then after 6 months postpartum in the family planning O.P.D. At the follow-up visit, the women were asked for any symptoms of unusual vaginal discharge, irregular or heavy bleeding per vagina, and any expulsions if noticed.Results: Total number of cases that reported for follow up in family planning OPD was 118. Therefore, 18 patients were lost in the follow up. In 58.47% women, there was no complaint. Heavy menstrual bleeding was found in 17.79% women and pelvic pain in 16.10% women. The expulsion rate was 5.08% and IUCD removal was done in 12.71% women. Though, the incidence of expulsion and removal rate was more in vaginal insertions than in caesarean insertions but this difference was not statistically significant, while the incidence of missing threads were found more in intra caesarean insertion (28% vs. 11.76% with p value <0.05). Continuation rate at 6 month was 82.20%.Conclusions: PPIUCD insertion is a safe, convenient and effective method of contraception. Although the expulsion rate and removal rate was more in vaginal PPIUCD insertions, the benefits of providing highly effective contraception immediately after delivery outweigh this disadvantage, particularly in our country where most of the women do not come for contraceptive advice after delivery.

IntroductionPrimitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus is extremely rare. They occur as either pure primitive neuroectodermal tumors or admixed with neoplasms of mullerian origin.Case presentationA case of uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumor with adenosarcoma in a 50-year-old Asian Indian woman is presented. Histologically, the neoplasm displayed perivascular pseudorosettes and occasional Homer-Wright rosettes. A strong positivity for neuronspecific enolase and synaptophysin was noted, while chromogranin and CD99 were negative. Merging imperceptibly with the neuroectodermal components were the areas of adenosarcoma.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this report represents the second case of a uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumor with an admixed adenosarcoma.

Background: Hysteroscopy a minimally invasive approach for evaluating uterine cavity, and has become an indispensable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. The main limiting factor while performing office hysteroscopy is the level of pain or discomfort encountered during the procedure. The pain is attributed mainly to the difficulty in entering the internal cervical os with the hysteroscope and while distending uterine cavity. It could be reduced if cervix is ripened before the procedure. The purpose of this prospective observational study was to compare the effectiveness, adverse effects and surgery-related complications associated with two different doses of sublingual Misoprostol (100 and 200 µg) given 2-4 hours before hysteroscopy.Methods: A randomised comparative study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of ABVIMS and Dr. RML hospital New Delhi, from 1st November, 2018 to 31st March, 2020. One hundred and twenty women, fulfilling inclusion criteria were subjected to hysteroscopy. Women received either 100 µg (Group I) or 200 µg (Group II) of sublingual Misoprostol 2-4 hours prior to hysteroscopy. The primary outcome of the study was cervical dilatation as measured by the largest number of Hegar dilator that could be inserted without resistance at the beginning of procedure. The largest dilator that negotiated cervical canal without resistance at the beginning of procedure was recorded as the baseline cervical width. The secondary outcomes were subjective assessment of the surgeon of the ease of dilatation of cervix and adverse effects of drug (i.e. vaginal bleeding, shivering, fever and pain as measured on visual analog scale).Results: The mean baseline cervical width as measured by first Hegar dilator that could be passed through the cervical canal without resistance was 6.6±0.62 mm in group I and 6.94±1.21 mm in group II respectively                    (p value=0.016). Adverse effects like vaginal bleeding, shivering was more in group II compared to group I. No statistically significant difference was found between group I and II with regards to visual analog scale.Conclusions: 100 µg Misoprostol can be used for cervical ripening prior to hysteroscopy with minimal adverse effects.