Because of the population increasing so high, and traffic density remaining the same, traffic prediction has become a great challenge today. Creating a higher degree of communication in automobiles results in the time wastage, fuel wastage, environmental damage, and even death caused by citizens being trapped in the middle of traffic. Only a few researchers work in traffic congestion prediction and control systems, but it may provide less accuracy. So, this paper proposed an efficient IoT based traffic prediction using OWENN algorithm and traffic signal control system using Intel 80286 microprocessor for a smart city.The proposed system consists of '5' phases, namely, IoT data collection, feature extraction, classification, optimized traffic IoT values, and traffic signal control system. Initially, the IoT traffic data is collected from the dataset. After that, traffic, weather, and direction information are extracted, and these extracted features are given as input to the OWENN classifier, which classifies which place has more traffic. Suppose one direction of the place has more traffic, it optimizes the IoT values by using IBSO, and finally, the traffic is controlled by using Intel 80286 microprocessor. The experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

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Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are renowned form of mobile ad-hoc networks. In VANET, wireless device sends information to nearby vehicles, and messages can be transmitted from one vehicle to another vehicle or roadside infrastructure. So, using VANET can increase safety and traffic optimization. Similar to other technologies, in VANET there are some important and noticeable issues. One of the most important of them is Security. Since the network is open and accessible from everywhere in the VANET radio range, it is expected to be an easy target for malicious users. Therefore there is a need for optimizing the Security of vehicular Adhoc networks by Mitigating malicious attacks. This paper presents a review of security requirements, attacks and security challenges to implement the security measures in the VANET. Existing solutions proposed by different researchers are also reviewed and compared to find out the research gaps and scopes in the field of VANET security.