Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that commonly occurs, characterized by decreased bone mass and prone to fracture. Breast carcinoma patients have a higher risk developing osteoporosis, due to a decrease in estrogen levels resulting from the e?ect of a given treatment, thus early detection of osteoporosis is needed.Objective: To compare the accuracy of the Singh Index with DEXA as the gold standard in the evaluation of osteoporosis in breast carcinoma patients with positive estrogen receptor.Materials and method: This is a diagnostic test, comparing the accuracy of the Singh Index on hip joints radiography with DEXA in the evaluation of osteoporosis in 35 breast carcinoma patients with positive estrogen receptors who have been getting therapy. All patients were examined by hip joints radiography and DEXA. The result of hip joints radiography are read double-blindedly by 3 observers.Results: Examination of Singh Index compared with DEXA by using limit values of osteoporosis of ? 3 on Singh Index and ? -2.5 SD on T-score DEXA achieves the best sensitivity on total hip but low positive predictive value, whereas with the limit values of osteoporosis of ? 4 on Singh Index and ? -1 SD on T-score DEXA achieves most excellent sensitivity and accuracy at the femoral collum showing low bone mineral density.Conclusion: Singh Index has a low diagnostic value in screening osteoporosis, but can be used to assess low bone mineral density in breast carcinoma patients with estrogen receptor positive, especially in areas that do not have DEXA equipment
Introduction: Intussusception is a pediatric emergency. If it is not treated immediately, the obstruction process can cause arterial obstruction and leads to intestinal necrosis. Not all patient shows classic syndrome triad. Thus, imaging is needed to make the diagnosis. Ultrasonography is the first choice of imaging in children because it is easy, without radiation and sedation. It has high accuracy for the diagnosis of intussusception. Ultrasonographic features of intussusception including target or doughnut sign and pseudo kidney sign. The presence of trapped fluid in intussusception, correlated with intestinal ischemia and necrosis found in surgery. This research aimed to assess sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of trapped fluid in ultrasound examination compared with the intra-operative findings reported by surgeons in the form of intestinal necrosis in pediatric patients with intussusception in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang. Material and Methods: This research was observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. It used retrospective data of abdominal ultrasound results and surgical operating reports in 30 patients who were diagnosed with intussusception. Results: Trapped fluid depiction on ultrasound has a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 75%, and an accuracy of 76% with regards to necrotic bowel as compared to intra-operative findings. Conclusion: Trapped fluid in intussusception is a good predictor of intestinal necrosis in cases of intussusception in children.
Yolk sac tumor called endodermal sinus tumor, is a rare and very malignant germ cell tumor. The second largest ovarian germ cell tumor after dysgerminoma, with an incidence of 1% of ovarian malignancies. Tumors usually appear as fast-growing masses in young women. The radiological imaging of this tumor is seen as a large dense cystic mass with heterogeneous enhancement, a component of dilated intratumoralblood vessels accompanied by an intralesional hemorrhagic focus. The best radiological modality is CT scan or MRI. CT imaging useful for distinguishing yolk sac tumors from other ovarian tumors. In this article was reported a case of ovarial york sac tumor in 7 years old girl. USGand CT scan examination showed solid with cystic mass in the pelvic cavity. Histologically was malignant germ cell as york sac tumor.
Ureterocele is a congenital distal ureter dilatation abnormality that formed like sac located intravesical or ectopic outside the normal anatomy location. The exact etiology of ureterocele is not yet known certainty, presumably due to the obstruction of the ureteral orificium during embryogenesis. There are 80% ureterocele associated with urinarius duplicating system. Radiological examination has an important role in the evaluation and diagnosis of ureterocele. We reported a case of 2 year 7 monthold girl admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain during urination experienced since 2 months ago. Routine urine examination showed leukocytes +++ / 500 cells / uL, blood: ++ / 80 cells / uL and bacteria (+). Ultrasound and CT scan examination showed the presence of intravesical cystic lesions which related to the left ureter. On BNO-IVP examination showed dilatation of left renal pelvicalyceal system that located inferiorly with drooping lily sign appearance, suspicion diagnosis of a bipelvic biureter. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter in lower moety and non function in upper moety. This finding was confirmed by the surgery result that the presence of two ureteric distal, ectopic ureterocele located on the urethral sphincter and another intravesical position.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( UPJO ) is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in children. Hydronephrosis caused by prolongedUPJO will damaged the kidneys. Early detection needed to avoid the complication. In fact, there are cases which is discovered in older child.Therefore it is necessary to carry out appropriate diagnostic steps and support the management of patients. Radiological examination usingvarious modalities can help diagnose UPJO.
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