Abstract:To observe the specific pattern of adverse effect due to Carbamazepine (CBZ)
BACKGROUND Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in a hospital setting, be it paediatric or adult age group. These are substances or compounds which are used to treat infections caused by microorganisms including fungi and protozoa. Their inappropriate and indiscriminate use can potentially cause a number of problems. Because of an overall rise in health care costs, lack of uniformity in drug prescribing and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, monitoring and control of antibiotic use is of growing concern and strict antibiotic policies should be warranted. Before such policies can be implemented, detailed knowledge of antibiotic prescribing practice is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional, retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Medicine at a Tertiary Care Hospital from May to August 2016. The records of all patients admitted during the study period will be examined. Proportion of patients who were prescribed antibiotics will be found out and details of antibiotic use within this period will be isolated. RESULTS 300 patients were prescribed antibiotics; 49% were male. 385 antibiotics were prescribed. 45% (135) of the patients were on therapy with a single antibiotic, 50% (151) of patients were on therapy with two antibiotics while 5% (14) of patients were on therapy with three antibiotics. Most commonly prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins followed by quinolones, penicillins, aminoglycosides and macrolides. CONCLUSION Antibiotic usage was found to be reasonable although polypharmacy was prescribed. Usage of generic drugs was considerable and broad-spectrum antibiotics were highly used.
Objective: The aim of the study was to study the prescription pattern of prophylactic antiemetics in breast cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out. Over a period of 3 months, all chemotherapy order sheets of breast cancer patients were collected and evaluated for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We compared each antiemetic drug used for CINV prophylaxis with international antiemetic guidelines, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Results: A total of 103 breast cancer patients were included in the study, for which 141 chemotherapy physician prescriptions included antiemetic drugs. Approximately 51.06% of anticancer agents had high emetic risk, 2.13% had moderate emetic risk, and 43.26% and 3.55% of anticancer agents had low and minimal emetic risk, respectively. Most frequently prescribed anticancer drug was paclitaxel 49 (34.75%). About 43.97% of the antiemetic regimen were found following NCCN guidelines. Conclusion: The development of institutional policy for assessment and guidance of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prophylaxis may improve the consistency between antiemetic prescribing and guidelines.
Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin which have been known to inflict mankind since ancient times. The seizure nearly always correlates with an abnormal EEG discharge. Epilepsy continues to be one of the commonest disorders seen in neurology clinics all over the world. Hence the antiepileptic drugs are the most abundantly prescribed drugs by the neurologist and phenytoin being the most effective, it is widely prescribed as first line drugs in spite of many newer antiepileptics. Unfortunately phenytoin has a wide spectrum of adverse effects ranging from being reversible effect to severe life threatening conditions. Objective: The objective of the current study is to analyze and evaluate the adverse effects of phenytoin in the Neurology department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North East India. Methodology: This study was a prospective observational study on patients in the neurology department. A random once weekly data collection was done for a period of 1 year. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained verbally from the patient's legal guardian. Every patient was examined clinically and their side effects were detected. Patient related information and drug related information (like dose, dosage form, route of administration) was recorded on a data collection sheet. The data obtained was analysed and presented with appropriate statistical methods. Results: Most common adverse effects of phenytoin observed in the study were gum hyperplasia (24%), dermatological changes comprising skin pigmentation, coarsening of facial features and hirsutism, CNS related ataxia, nystagmus and cerebellar involvement (20%).
Context: Aims The prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) by olanzapine can improve patients adherence to treatment. and objectives: To study the efcacy of olanzapine as prophylactic antiemetic in parenteral highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) regimen of breast cancer and to compare its side effects with aprepitant. Prospect Settings and Design: ive, comparative, open-label, non randomized study was conducted on 146 eligible breast cancer patients, equally distributed into aprepitant and olanzapine groups. The Methods and Material: Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Tool (MAT) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 was used for evaluation. Chi-square test and unpaired t test was applied to test for sta Statistical analysis used: tistical signicance using ©2021 GraphPad Prism. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered signicant. Data were represented using frequency distribution table and bar diagrams. Patients achieving Complete Response (CR, no emesis and no rescue me Results: dication) was signicantly higher in olanzapine treated group. Nausea was signicantly controlled but vomiting wasn't signicantly controlled with olanzapine when compared with aprepitant. Assessment of side effects showed signicantly increased sedation on day 2 on those receiving olanzapine in comparison to aprepitant. Conclusions: Olanzapine has signicant results in controlling CINV caused by parenteral HEC regimens when compared with aprepitant in acute, delayed and overall period with minimal increase in sedation
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