No abstract

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography ultra-high-resolution quadrupoletime-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-UHR-QTOF-MS) metabolite profiling of Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. leaves was performed. PCA and HCA analyses were applied to observe the clustering patterns and inter-sample relationships. It seemed that the concentrations of Ca, P, and Cu in the soil could affect the metabolite profiles of Justicia gendarussa. Six significant metabolites were proposed.

Daun Guazuma ulmifolia telah digunakan secara tradisional untuk antiobesitas. Aktivitas antiobesitas dipengaruhi oleh kandungan senyawa bioaktif. Ekstraksi adalah langkah utama untuk mendapatkan senyawa bioaktif. Metode dan pelarut ekstraksi merupakan faktor penting untuk menghasilkan ekstrak dengan jumlah kandungan senyawa aktif yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total dari ekstrak etanol, rebusan, dan infusa daun G. ulmifolia serta untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan serta antilipase. Metode Folin-Ciocalteu digunakan untuk menentukan kadar fenol total, sedangkan penentuan kadar flavonoid total dilakukan menggunakan uji kolorimetri aluminium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrillhidrazil (DPPH), dan aktivitas antilipase dikuantifikasi secara kolorimetri berdasarkan pelepasan p-nitrofenol dari substrat p-nitrofenil butirat (p-NPB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rebusan memiliki rendemen tertinggi (10,50%). Sebaliknya, ekstrak etanol menunjukkan total kandungan fenolik tertinggi (67,761 ± 1,811 mg GAE/g ekstrak)  dan total kandungan flavonoid tertinggi (124,643 ± 1,033 mg QE/g ekstrak). Ekstrak yang sama juga menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas antilipase tertinggi (IC50 berturut-turut 6,544 ± 0,271 μg/mL dan 307,280 ± 21,430 μg/mL).

No abstract

One of traditional plants in Indonesia that could be potentially developed as antioxidant is ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). There are three varieties, namely elephant ginger, yellow ginger, and red ginger. Its contents mainly essential oil consisted of many antioxidant compounds. Nevertheless, the use of ginger oil in topical dosage form formula is less effective, unstable, and volatile which affects its bioavailability. In this study, nanoemulsion formulas of ginger oil were optimized according to the ratio of tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol as cosurfactant using simplex lattice design (SLD) method. The optimum nanoemulsion formulas of each varieties were characterized and the result showed that nanoemulsion of yellow ginger oil had the highest percentage transmittance (99.676 ± 0.096%) and halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (3.010 ± 0.008 mg/mL). Furthermore, all optimum formulas had complied the other nanoemulsion specifications. The study indicated that nanoemulsion formulas of three varieties of ginger essential oils could be developed as potential antioxidant agent.