Objective: Parang romang (Boehmeria virgata) is one of the traditional medicines that are used empirically by Makassar tribal healers, South Sulawesi, as an antitumor drug. This traditional medicine contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. However, secondary metabolites of those leaves extract have low solubility in water. Hence, to be formula, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the solutions to increase the extract solubility. Methods: The optimization of two formula optimum SNEDDS parang romang leaves (T80PGMZ and T20PGMZ) was using the simple lattice design (SLD) method which will give 28 SNEDDS formula parang romang leaves each of which the formula is tested for its characteristics as a critical point include emulsification time, % transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology particle. Results: The results of SNEDDS characterization obtained the optimum formula T80PGMZ with emulsification time 12.6 s, % transmittance 92.21%, drug loading 68.21 ppm, particle size 370.26 nm, zeta potential −31.4 mV, polydispersity index of 0.615, and regular particle morphology with spherical chunks at a magnification of 10,000 times with a particle size of 10 μm. Conclusion: SNEDDS of parang romang leaves extracts that used olive oil as oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and propylene glycol as the cosurfactant provided nanoemulsion with good characteristics.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can affect behavior, emotions and communication. In the agitation phase ithe patient is acompanied by destructive or violent behavior. In these conditions, the patient must immediately calm down to avoid risk. Monotherapy Treatment in acute agitation schizophrenia is recommended than combination therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment costs and the factors that influence the total cost of schizophrenia patients at the Mental Hospital of West Java Province. This study was observational by cross sectional study design according to the hospital perspective. This method is retrospective data. The subject were inpatients aged 18-65 years with diagnosis of schizophrenia disorder and receiving antipsychotic therapy for at least 1 month. The results showed that average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) Rp.288.659/ 1 score PANSS EC with an average decrease score of 9,70. There is a difference in variant data compared because p-value = 0.011<0,05. ICER calculation of A to C = (Rp. 2.800.001–Rp. 2.593.821) / (9.70 - 8.57) = Rp. 182.460. The factors that influence the total cost found that the most significant are administration and room. The conclusion is atypical-atypical monotherapy recommended as a treatment for schizophrenic in agitation acute.
Seaweed (EucheumaCottonii J. Agardh) is one of the biological resources found in coastal and marine areas. Seaweed contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols and tannins which can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. This study aims to determine the effect of seaweed ethanol extract on reducing cholesterol and obesity levels by comparing plasma cholesterol levels, body weight, and weight of vital organs (liver, kidneys and jantumg) of obese rats, mice given seaweed ethanol extract with normal mice . Rats were grouped randomly into 6 groups. group one was given 0.5% CMC Na, group two was given high fat diet food, group three was given simvastatin, group four was given seaweed ethanol extract 100 mg / kgbb, group five was given ethanol extract of seaweed 200 mg / kgbb and group six was given ethanol extract of seaweed 300 mg / kg with a long suspension of extract for 14 days. Measurement of cholesterol levels in the blood using the CHOD-PAP method, body weight and organs carried out by weighing. The results showed that seaweed ethanol extract has the effect of inhibiting an increase in plasma cholesterol levels and has anti-obesity potential at a dose of 300 mg / kgbb.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.