Introduction: Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies are commonly encountered by otolaryngologists, pediatricians and primary care physicians mostly in emergency setup. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of aerodigestive and aural foreign bodies as an ENT emergency in tertiary care center of Central Nepal. Materials and Methods: This was a nine-month hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study performed in the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) from June 2021 to March 2022 after approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data was collected from emergency procedure record book and operation theatre register, entered and analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Out of 300 cases presenting as an ENT emergency during the study time, 54 cases happened to be aerodigestive and aural foreign bodies which account for one-sixth of the ENT emergency case load, majority occurring in pediatric age group, and nasal foreign bodies being the most common type. Conclusion: We conclude from our study that foreign bodies in ENT mostly present as an emergency condition with more prevalence in pediatric population and they account for about one-sixth of the ENT cases presenting as an emergency.
Introduction: A deviated nasal septum is a common anatomic disorder that presents in up to 62% of the population but, not all are symptomatic. However, it may play a critical role in nasal obstruction symptoms, aesthetic appearance of the nose, increased nasal resistance and sometimes snoring. This study was done with an aim to determine the profile of subjects having deviated nasal septum and assess the impact of septoplasty on them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at National Medical College, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Birgunj from January 2022 to June 2022. Total 30 cases with symptomatic deviated nasal septum were included. Ethical clearance (F-NMC/579/078-79) was obtained from institutional review committee of NMC Birgunj. Details of nasal patency test followed by anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy were noted. Patients were followed up on 1st, 7th and 30th day post operatively after septoplasty. Pre and post operative comparison was done by using NOSE questionnaire. Wilcoxon signed rank test was done. Results: The ratio of male to female being 1.1:1. The age of the patients varied between 18 to 55 years, and the mean age was 29.07±10.409 years. most common type of deviation seen was type IV (30%). Nasal obstruction was seen in all the study cases which was followed by headache (76.7%) There was decline in the Nose scoring gradually from preoperative period to postoperative period. In anterior rhinoscopy spur (73.3%) was the most common finding. A significant (p<0.001) improvement in nose score after septoplasty was seen. Conclusion: Significant improvement in NOSE score was seen in our study which was in accordance with similar studies conducted.
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Palpable neck swelling is a common clinical manifestation in otolaryngology. Rapid, inexpensive and simple method of examination for the diagnosis of such superficial masses is fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Objectives were to evaluate the usage of fine needle aspiration cytology as a first-line tool for diagnosis, accuracy compared with histopathology.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: A hospital based prospective cross sectional was conducted by taking 65 patients with neck swelling presentation thyroid swelling were highest in number followed by lymph node and salivary, in which female were 43 (66.15%) and male were 22 (33.85%), the age group ranged from 6 to 75 years in ear, nose, throat (ENT) OPD of Manipal teaching hospital between 15<sup>th </sup>November 2015 to 15<sup>th</sup> May 2017. FNAC along with histopathological examination (HPE) were done and compared. For data analysis SPSS 20 version was used. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates were calculated. The Cohen’s Kappa statistical test was employed.</p><p><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The overall sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 90.76% and 98.075% respectively in determining the various pathologies. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in comparison to histopathology was 92.25%. This study showed almost perfect correlation (measure of agreement) between FNAC and final histopathology diagnosis of neck swellings from Cohen’s Kappa test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FNAC is a safe, simple and rapid method with a high sensitivity and specificity that can be done in diagnosing wide range of neck swellings.</p>
Introduction: The endoscope has diagnostic and therapeutic role in different otological surgeries. It has excellent view of images where there are difficult nooks and corners. The use of tragal cartilage in the repair of tympanic membrane perforation has its own benefit in graft uptake and hearing results whether long term or short term. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long‑term hearing results in patients who underwent endoscopic sandwich myringoplasty with National Medical college & Teaching Hospital, Birgunj. Objective: To evaluate the graft success rate and postoperative hearing gain for central perforations using endoscopic myringoplasty Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective study in 60 patients with central perforations who underwent endoscopic myringoplasty using tragal cartilage. The hearing was assessed by comparing pre‑. with post‑operative air‑bone gap (ABG) and ABG closure in speech frequencies (0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 KHz). Results: Of the 60 patients with central perforation included in this study, the graft success rate was 95% (57/60). The graft uptake in 6 months of follow‑up. The postoperative ABG (13.77 ± 4.94dB) was lesser than preoperative ABG (22.38 ± 6.93 dB) with statistically significant results. Conclusion: Endoscopic myringoplasty is a safe procedure with high‑graft uptake rate and good long‑term hearing results.
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