The existence of nymph characters in many myths and folktales has brought fascinating yet complex issues on gender relation in patriarchal society. Most of the nymphs are female who has superhuman power. They are usually represented as having charm that allures men.
Virgil in Inferno is claimed to be a perfect example of human being concerning to his mastery of maturity and rationality viewed from the perspective of western philosophy as phrased in ‘Love of Wisdom’. As we know, the wisdom taught by western philosophy is the most important thing in someone who philosophies because western sees efforts as an absolute thing in human philosophizing process rather than its result or the truth itself. As believed by western, wisdom can be acquired by practicing and thinking which then the result is human with high intellectual and ethical attitude as depicted by Virgil in Inferno. On the contrary, a different concept stated by Javanese philosophy which truth is the absolute one whereas effort is only a means as stated by the phrase ‘Love of Perfection’. Relying on the belief in God, Javanese philosophy states that perfect human is person who understand the existence of God, the unity of man and God as termed by manunggaling kawula gusti. Human ethics and wisdom have only been destined along with the maturity of one’s age and spiritual attitude. Therefore, Javanese philosophy based on Serat Wedhatama used as the perspective of reading and interpretation to expand the exploration toward Virgil’s role and symbol, also structuralism which is used as a method of extracting pieces of evidence based to Virgil’s action and speech in relation with that two philosophical concept. Not merely to expand exploration, the use of that two philosophy concept is to compare those different values in discussing Virgil in Inferno. Keywords: Love of Wisdom, Love of Perfection, Wisdom, Ethics, Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, Compare.
Atthebeginning of20*^century, the imagists, consisting ofa groupofAnglo-American poets with Ezra Pound as the leading figure emerged. This group of poets posed an attack on every aspect of romanticism. This group encouraged the use ofexperimental form in poetry md promoting the 'verse libre' poetic technique they recognized the use oftraditional form in Thomas Hardy's poem that break away from the 'sentimental optimism and nostalgia of Romantics and symbolist, giving the poems 'a modernistic clarity of vision' (Williams, 1946, p. 17). As the name suggest, the image become the central element in the imagist poetry. The main point of imagism itself centers on the 'image' itself, clearly stated by the poets' to recreate an otherwise inexpressible and unique experience of the insight" (William, 1946,p. 18and Hughes, 1960 This essay discusses the role of poetic imagesin the works of early imagist poets. The discussion covers the analysis on the poems written by Ezra Pound, H.D., Richard Aldington and William Carlos Williams with the focus how the images function in the selectedpoems.
The purpose of this paper is to comprehend how situational irony in Thomas Hardy’s short fiction entitled An Imaginative Woman conceptualized a tension of irony in readers’ perceptiveness. To this aim, this study tries to examine the relation among aspects: the story plot, characterizations, focalizations, and narrator’s comments. The narration of this short story shows there are two representation levels of irony: (1) the story level which contains: the sequence of Ella’s ironic events and portrayal of victimized characters; (2) the narrative level consists of: numerous focalizations that are entangled with formulation of perspective and narrator’s intrusive comments that becomes the embodiment of narrator’s unreliability. This paper suggests that situational irony signifies the dynamic strategy of narrative in order to manifest the tension of irony within the story and its representation. Additionally, this strategy emphasizes readers’ compatibility with the irony of the narrative. Keywords: narrative; situational irony; focalization; intrusive narrator Abstrak: Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana ironi situasional dalam cerita pendek An Imaginative Woman karya Thomas Hardy mengkonseptualisasikan ketegangan ironi dalam persepsi pembaca. Untuk itu, penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji secara kritis hubungan antar aspek berikut: alur cerita, penokohan, fokalisasi, dan komentar narator. Narasi cerpen ini menunjukkan terdapat dua tingkat dalam representasi ironi: (1) tingkat cerita, yakni memuat: urutan peristiwa ironis yang terjadi terhadap Ella dan penggambaran karakter yang dijadikan korban; (2) tingkat naratif, terdiri dari: beberapa macam fokalisasi yang berhubungan dengan perumusan perspektif dan komentar narator yang mengganggu sebagai perwujudan ketidakpercayaan pada narator. Makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa ironi situasional menandakan kedinamisan strategi dalam narasi dalam mewujudkan ketegangan ironi baik di dalam cerita maupun cara merepresentasikan cerita. Selain itu, strategi ini menekankan kompatibilitas pembaca yang berperan penting untuk menjangkau ironi narasi. Kata kunci: naratif; ironi situasional; fokalisasi; intrusi narrator
This article discusses the discourse of the body which is represented in the Australian novel entitled Praise, written by Andrew McGahan. It focuses on how the experience of the body reflects and represents the society in which it exists through a set of metaphors. There are two aspects discussed in this article. The first is the power relationship represented through alcoholism and sexuality, and the second is how the disease inflicted in the bodies represent the “destruction” of the society. The analysis shows that the bodily experiences of the main characters in the novel represents the discourse of complex power relationship that includes patriarchy, colonialism and capitalism in the contemporary society.The power invades and corrupts the body and the society and brings disorder. The corruption results in the disease that inflicts the characters, which ruin their systemic function. The “destruction” of the body represents the degradation of the society. Through the metaphors, the author successfully presents what so called “grotesque realism” and strips off the mask of the materialised society and demonstrate the dark side of human life in the contemporary culture.
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