The present investigation revealed that Red sea stretches along Marsa Alam of Egypt is a habitation of diverse groups of marine macro-algal species recorded along Marsa Hemera shore. Ecological studies (meteorological data, water, soil, aqueous extract analysis of Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt and associated species) reported that, slightly alkaline; low turbidity, moderate temperature and available nutrient content of saline water produced massive growth of S. muticum during September (2018). Ecological and Physico-chemical properties of collected water samples showed variations of different parameters of sea water like temperature, salinity, pH, and high dissolved minerals. Heavy metals accumulation inside the investigated seaweeds S. muticum was within the corresponding range. The aqueous extract of S. muticum contained high amounts of Na, Ca, K and Fe, moderate amounts of Zn, and low in Cu, Cd, Ni and Mn. Lead Pb recorded 0.291 ppm, Ag, Co and Ga were absent in aqueous extract. The associated species to the brown algae S. muticum are belonging to 6 families and 7 species as follows: Sargassaceae, Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodomelaceae, Caulerpaceae and Hydrocharitaceae. Results showed that S. muticum enriched in essential amino acids; micro and macro elements, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and agar. These algae may be used as bio fertilizers.
Screening of micropropagated banana (Musa spp.) cv. Grand Naine for somaclonal variants was carried out in the open field. The total detected variants were 26 somaclones (in addition to the normal plant) and were grouped into eight groups according to their morphological and yield characteristics. Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Target Region Amplified Polymorphism (TRAP) techniques were used to study the differences among banana cv. Grand Naine and 26 somaclonal variants of the cultivar. SRAP markers amplified 1463 fragments while 841 fragments were resulted from TRAP markers. The somaclones "double bunching from peduncle", "Giant plant" and "weak plant" somaclones were clustered with Grand Naine according to SRAP markers while "empty peduncle", "horizontal bunch" and "angled bunch" somaclones clustered with Grand Naine using TRAP markers. According to principal coordinate analysis with SRAP markers, "pale green", "black", "wavy margins", "double bunch from stem" and "vertical upward bunch" segregated from other variants; whereas, "pale green", "black" and "vertical upward bunch" segregated from other variants using TRAP marker data. Although these markers were able to distinguish some of the somaclones derived from micropropagation of Grand Naine, additional markers would be needed to identify mutations generation during tissue culture propagation of banana.
The present study was carried-out in three different locations in Alexandria city [El-Ebrahimeya zone (traffic area), El-Dekhela zone (industrial area) and Antoniadis Park (control area)] during two successive seasons 2015 and 2016. Homogeneous seedlings of Nerium oleander were planted individually in plastic pots (30 cm diameter) filled with mixture of sand and clay. 90 plants were planted in three locations in Alexandria city (30 plants each zone). Samples were collected during spring and autumn in both seasons. The obtained results showed the effect of different locations on vegetative growth of Nerium oleander plants. In both seasons, plants planted in Antoniadis Park had the highest leaves, stem and roots parameters in the first and second seasons, respectively. While, plants planted in El-Dekhela had the lowest vegetative growth rate in both seasons. The growth (leaves, stem and root) was also significantly affected by different periods during both seasons. Accordingly, it can be seen that the data were significantly increased gradually in the autumn, while, the lowest growth in the spring. The results of chemical analysis for plant parts showed the effect of different locations on lead, cadmium and zinc contents in plant parts. In both seasons, plants planted in El-Dekhela had the highest heavy metals content, while, those planted in Antoniadis Park had the lowest lead, cadmium and zinc contents in the first and second seasons, respectively. Chemical analysis of heavy metals content in plant parts was also significantly affected by different periods during both seasons. Accordingly, it can be seen from the data that heavy metals were significantly increased gradually in the spring, while, the lowest heavy metals content (lead, cadmium and zinc) in plant parts was found in autumn in the first and second seasons, respectively. Transfer factor (TF) indicates the efficiency of Nerium oleander plants to transfer metals from the soil to the plant parts. It can be seen that the transfer factor in the lead, cadmium and zinc content in Nerium oleander plants was increased steadily with different locations. We found that, plants in Antoniadis Park had the highest transfer factor with respect to the heavy metals content, while, those planted in El-Dekhela had the lowest transfer factor in the first season. On the other hand, the highest transfer factor in plant parts, was found in the stem for lead and cadmium, while it was in the leaves for zinc compared with different parts of plant.
Screenhouses utilization is rapidly expanding nowadays; so in this investigation, the effect of screenhouse and its colors on banana cv. Grand Naine productivity, in relation to some microclimate elements (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and light intensity inside the screenhouses) and the water use were recorded. Also, productivity parameters such as bunch weight, length, number of hands and number of fingers per hand were recorded. Water saving by using three different levels of irrigation was estimated. The obtained results revealed that, maximum temperature of screenhouses decreased by 1-2 o C, minimum temperature increased by approximately 1 o C , the intensity inside the screenhouses increased by approximately 30 % and about 40 % reduction in wind speed. Also humidity increased by 4-6 % and 30 % reduction in crop water use inside the screenhouses, without any significant reduction in productivity as compared to open field. The obtained results may be due to the reduction of evapotranspiration caused by screenhouse. Finally, we can recommend that: it is most importance to plant banana orchards into screen houses in order to minimize crop water use and enhance every the yield and fruit quality.
The present study was carried-out at the Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (A.R.C.). Alexandria, Egypt during the spring and autumn seasons of 2015. The aim was to investigate the effect of phytoremediation of air pollution using some plants (Nerium oleander and Pittsporum Tobira) in three locations in the Alexandria city. We applied these work in three different sites in Alexandria city which namely, (1) El-Ebrahimeya, (2) El-Dekhela and (3) Antoniadis garden (Control). The results showed that the concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc elements were the highest in the Dekhela region soil compared with other areas . Lead element was a higher concentration at the sector 30-60cm compared with the sector 0-30cm. Analyzing the leachates of polluted leaves, stem and roots, it has been detected that in both species studied, the concentrations of lead, cadmium ans zinc was the highest in Dekhela compared with those obtained in Antoniades garden region.
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