There is an open debate about the motivation of football referees to start and progress in their profession. Identifying altruistic and self-servicing factors is critical for the federations to establish the most effective policies to enlarge the referee’s career and minimise turnover. In this work, the null hypothesis was set to be that the number of referees in Madrid is not affected by the unemployment rate (as a proxy of income level). Sequential linear regressions generated three different models using data from the Instituto de Estadística de la Comunidad de Madrid (IECM) and the Real Federación de Fútbol de Madrid (RFFM). The best-fit outcome shows that the number of referees is partly determined by the unemployment rate in their postcode at the beginning of the career, although the significance of this correlation decreases for experienced referees.
This paper presents three analysis concerning the relevance of Behavioral Economics (BE). First, to evaluate its academic relevance, we analyze the impact of BE contributions in some of the main scientific databases. Second, to recognize the level of implementation, we analyze the reports published by international organizations and the so-called Behavioral Insight Units (nudge units). And third, to validate BE as a distinctive approach, we compare eight recognized scientific papers. As conclusion, although there is a remarkable consolidation of BE as academic discipline, the applied reach of BE is still limited since only seven countries show its comprehensive implementation.
The purpose of this essay is to help generate a framework to promote and refine further investigations and projects in the field of behavioral economics (BE). It leads to being useful for delimiting the phases of any investigation and defines the conditions and elements to be considered in a genuine behavioral study. It has been elaborated by reviewing the work of behavioral insight units (nudge units) of countries and international organizations during the last decade, as well as previous papers in the discipline, to offer a summary of the main steps in BE studies: a manageable shortlist of cognitive bias, feasible examples of application, a guide to know when to nudge, and a reminder of what nudge is not; in short, a process to nudge extracted from the practice of the specialists who applied the approach in the last decade. Particularly, it can result in useful steps for those researchers willing to apply the behavioral approach to their ongoing studies and projects, besides students who require familiarizing with the method.
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