The outbreak of COVID-19, initially developed in China in early December 2019, has rapidly spread to other countries and represents a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 has caused great concern about respiratory symptoms, but it is worth noting that it can also affect the gastrointestinal tract. However, the data on pancreatic involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited. The prevalence and severity of pancreatic damage and acute pancreatitis, as well as its pathophysiology, are still under debate. Moreover, the possible implication of pancreatic damage as an apparent adverse effect of COVID-19 therapies or vaccines are issues that need to be addressed. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated delays and organizational consequences for pancreatic surgery, an element that represent indirect damage from COVID-19. This narrative review aims to summarize and analyze all the aspects of pancreatic involvement in COVID-19 patients, trying to establish the possible underlying mechanisms and scientific evidence supporting the association between COVID-19 and pancreatic disease.
Despite the fact that gastric syphilis is considered rare, it is reported as a type of organic involvement that is present in a large proportion of secondary syphilis cases, even though gastritis presenting with symptoms is extremely rare. Clinical, radiological, and endoscopic findings are non-specific and frequently mimic the symptoms of gastric adenocarcinoma or lymphoma, making diagnosis difficult. Immunostaining is required for this diagnosis. We would like to emphasize the importance of being suspicious of GS when a gastric mass exhibits the histologic features of an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT), as previously reported for nodal IPT caused by luetic infection. We described a 56-year-old man who presented to the oncology department with a 3-month history of anorexia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, as well as an initial radiological and endoscopic suspicion of gastric adenocarcinoma, in which immune staining allowed us to diagnose GS. In addition, we conducted an updated scoping review of the scientific literature to show the clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic findings in GS patients over the last 65 years.
Our study of the re-generation ability of the Nature-City began in the second half of the Nineties with the urbstourism studies. These studies related to sustainable tourism and were carried out throughout Italy with many varied results. They are now generating a great deal of interest. Reference can be made to our reports presented at the 7 th (1997) and 12 th (2003) Italian Tourism Report, at the Biennal of Barcelona (2003) as well as at the 1 st International Meeting Matera Nature- City (2005), in the preliminary acts of the 1 st International Meeting on the Nature-City. The concept of the Nature-City implies matching sustainable tourism to the problems of cultural goods, on the one hand, as well as to the environment and housing matters, on the other.Our first nature-city strategy focussed on the Sassi in Matera. At the beginning of the Fifties, Matera was an old, deserted Italian town. It was then declared part of the Unesco World Heritage; many of its buildings have now been reconstructed. This first strategy is therefore closely linked to the entrepreneurial idea of the city-inn, set within both a natural-archaeological park as well as an urban centre.Along with this strategy, a further two re-generative ideas are presented. The first focuses on the network of city-inn park projects in large countryside-city areas, orientated towards increasing the complexity value as well as the variety of the ecosystems. The second based on metropolitan areas, aims at creating large parks of high re-generative density, with an example being the shore-park (seafront-park or sea-garden-park).We draw conclusions concerning critical evaluation of direct experiences and the study of about 250 examples of Nature-Cities worldwide.
This paper deals with the problem and experiences of "ecological hetero-genesis of the ends", within an architectural context, by defining the 40 year old trajectory of the ecological approach to architecture in a partial and critical balance based on the main results obtained. It results being a context of successes and insufficiencies from which a decisive step in the direction of a phenomenological architectural practice of eco-sustainability can be taken, through tests on both the scale of the nature-city as well as "residential dislocation". The paper deals with these new experiences in order to show the visions of projects and initial realisations. This research deals with the description of a phenomenological approach to design by two new procedures of direct union in relation with the beauty of sense of limit in architecture. Where the sense of limit is extended both to the availability of the resources and the concept of balance of the ecosystem in which architectures are immersed.
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