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The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profiles in 18 soybean cultivars grown in Korea. A total of eleven fatty acids were identified in the sample set, which was comprised of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1, ω7), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, ω9), linoleic (C18:2, ω6), linolenic (C18:3, ω3), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, ω9), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on their color, yellow-, black-, brown-, and green-colored cultivars were denoted. Correlation coefficients (r) between the nine major fatty acids identified (two trace fatty acids, myristic and palmitoleic, were not included in the study) were generated and revealed an inverse association between oleic and linoleic acids (r=−0.94, p<0.05), while stearic acid was positively correlated to arachidic acid (r=0.72, p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fatty acid data yielded four significant principal components (PCs; i.e., eigenvalues>1), which together account for 81.49% of the total variance in the data set; with PC1 contributing 28.16% of the total. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed to by oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, PC2 by stearic, linolenic and arachidic acids, PC3 by behenic and lignoceric acids, and PC4 by palmitic acid. The score plots generated between PC1-PC2 and PC3-PC4 segregated soybean cultivars based on fatty acid composition.

In this study, we evaluated changes in physicochemical properties, total phenol and isoflavone contents, and antioxidant activity during soymilk fermentation by a potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P1201. The P1201 strain showed survival rates of 58.14% and 62.22% after 4 h exposure to acid and artificial gastric acid conditions (pH 2.5), respectively. The optimal conditions for soy-yogurt fermentation by L. plantarum were determined to be as follows: temperature of 35 o C, seed volume of 5.0%, and sucrose content of 10.0%. The total phenol and isoflavone contents and antioxidant activity were higher in soy-powder milk (SPM) yogurt than soymilk yogurt. In particular, the highest levels of isoflavone-aglycones, such as daidzein, glycitein, and genistein (91.50, 12.34, and 61.39 µg/g, respectively), were observed after 48 h of SPM fermentation. Thus, these results suggest that the soy-yogurt extract could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants in food. Each isolated strains was tested in triplicate for its tolerance in acidified and artificial gastric acidified MRS broth. Means with different lowercase letters (a, b, and c) indicate significant differences of incubation times by Tukey's multiple range test (p<0.05). 항산화 활성이 증진된 두유-요구르트 559후 88.52 및 59.57%의 생존율을 나타내었고 P1201 균주는 92.56 및 62.22%의 생존율을 나타내어 S48 균주보다 우수한 것으로 나 타났다( Table 1) Table 2). 정확한 균주 동정을 위하여 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 수행 하였다. P1201 균주의 염기서열을 결정하여 phylogenetic tree 분 석 결과 L. plantarum WCFS1 (AL935263)와 99.0%로 가장 유사 성이 높았다 (Fig. 1). 형태학적, 생리학적, 세포 지방산 조성, 생화 학적 및 분자유전학적 특성을 비교 검토하여 최종적으로 L. plantarum P1201로 명명하였다. 두유 요구르트 발효 중 이화학적 특성 변화배양온도 ( Table 3. Changes of pH, acidity and viable cell numbers during soy milk (SM) and soy powder milk (SPM) fermentations

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A Vigna nakashimae (VN) extract has been shown to have antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of a VN extract on hepatic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated how a VN extract protects against the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A VN extract for 12 weeks reduced the body weight, serum metabolic parameters, cytokines, and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A VN extract decreased HFD-induced hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase and glucose transporter 4 expressions. In addition to the levels of high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation, the hepatic expression of ATF4 and caspase-3 was also reduced by a VN extract. Thus, these data indicate that a chronic VN extract prevented NAFLD through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in the liver.