Activated carbon is carbon produced from carbonaceous source materials, such as coconut shells, coals, and woods. In this study, an activated carbon production system was analyzed by carbonization and activation in terms of environmental impact and human health. The feedstock of wood wastes for the system reduced fossil fuel consumption and disposal costs. Life cycle assessment methodology was used to analyze the environmental impacts of the system, and the functional unit was one tonne of wood wastes. The boundary expansion method was applied to analyze the wood waste recycling process for activated carbon production. An environmental credit was quantified by avoided impact analysis. Specifically, greenhouse gases discharged from 1 kg of activated carbon production system by feeding wood wastes were evaluated. We found that this system reduced global warming potential of approximately 9.69E+00 kg CO2-eq. compared to the process using coals. The environmental benefits for activated carbon production from wood wastes were analyzed in contrast to other disposal methods. The results showed that the activated carbon system using one tonne of wood wastes has an environmental benefit of 163 kg CO2-eq. for reducing global warming potential in comparison with the same amount of wood wastes disposal by landfilling.
Wind energy has been explored as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in many small island developing states such as those in the Caribbean for a long time. Central to evaluating the feasibility of any wind energy project is choosing the most appropriate wind speed model. This is a function of the metric used to assess the goodness of fit of the statistical models tested. This paper compares a number of common metrics then proposes an alternative to the application-blind statistical tools commonly used. Wind speeds at two locations are considered: Crown Point, Tobago; and Piarco, Trinidad. Hourly wind speeds over a 15-year period have been analyzed for both sites. The available data is modelled using the Birnbaum-Saunders, Exponential, Gamma, Generalized Extreme Value, Generalized Pareto, Nakagami, Normal, Rayleigh and Weibull probability distributions. The distributions were compared graphically and their parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. Goodness of fit was assessed using the normalised mean square error testing, Chi-squared testing, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, R-squared, Akaike information criteria and Bayesian information criteria tests and the distributions ranked. The distribution ranking varied widely depending on the test used highlighting the need for a more contextualized goodness of fit metric. With this in mind, the concept of application-specific information criteria (ASIC) for testing goodness of fit is introduced. This allows distributions to be ranked by secondary features which are a function of both the primary data and the application space.
This paper describes the development of 12-in. 100 PPI active-matrix micro-LED stretchable displays, capable of being stretched up to 20%. Our work has involved the development of key technologies such as stretchable interconnects, stretchable films, and micro-LEDs and the integration process for these components. The stretchable displays exhibited various types of deformations, suggesting the potential for new applications in information display.
CT has revolutlonlzed the evaluatlon and management of pat1ents with head lnjuries. CT Is non.invaslve and rapidly provldes accurate information regarding the presence, ex tent and nature of Intra. cranlal leslons resultlng from trauma. We have reviewed the CT scans of 114 patients , who got head lnjury wlth conflrmed to skull fracture in plaln flI m.The result were as follows:1. Of all c 잃 es , trafflc accident was the most frequent cause and in chlldren fall down was more than 50%.2. Compound Ilnear fracture was the most frequent type fractures ln plain skull flI m .3. Of all 114 case, epldural hematoma was 1 6% , subdural hematoma was 18 .4 %, intracerebral hematoma was 14.4%, subdural hygroma was 2 .4%, normal findlng was 50%.4. Mortallty rate was 13.2%.5. Fracture was detected by CT about 28.9 %, depresslon fracture was more easil y detected in CT.6. lncldence rate of countercoup leslon was 14.9% and mortality rate was higher than same site lesion , 7. The shape of epldural hematoma was blconvex In 75 %, planoconvex ln 25 % . .8. The shape of subdural hematoma was cresentlc shape 82.6%, blconvex shape 8.7 %, planoconvex shape 8.7 %.
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