This review describes the stratagies of development of virus-resistant Alstroemeria plants using the genetic modification system. Despite of increasing of its importance in cut flower market, improvements of some horticultuirally important traits such as fragrance, long vase-life, virus resistance and tolerance against abiotic stresses are lack of the breeding program in Alstroemeria. Of these traits, virus-resistance is quite difficult to develop in Alstroemeria plants due to the limitations of genetic variation in the existed germplasm. To extend the genetic variation, plant biotechnological techniques such as genetic transformation and tissue culture should be combined to develop virusresistant line in Alstroemeria. In this review, several strategies for the generation of virus-resistance by using natural resistance genes, pathogen-derived genes and other sources including pathogen-derived proteins, virus-specific antibodies and ribosome-inactivating proteins are presented. Also, brief histories of breeding, tissue culture, and transformation system in Alstroemeria plants are described to inderstand of the application of transgenic approach for the development of virus-resistance in Alstroemeria species.

The fruit of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate) is widely used for treating allergies including allergenic dermatitis and inflammation in oriental medicine. Increased blood IgE concentration and histamine level following dermatitis, coughing and asthma are the most important clinical symptoms of allergic diseases. Decreases in the elevated serum IgE concentrations are essential in the treatment of allergy because increased IgE blood levels are initiated in allergenic immune disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the activities of an extract of trifoliate orange fruit using 100% methanol followed by extraction with boiling water on the regulation of blood IgE concentration in the U266B1 human myeloma cell line and a 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) sensitized mouse model. The results revealed that the extracts of trifoliate orange suppressed IgE production in U266B1 cells in a dose dependent manner with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the cells. In addition, chemically elevated blood IgE concentrations were dramatically decreased by oral administration, ventral injection, and topical application of the trifoliate orange extracts (TOE). The results indicated that the fraction of TOE should contain an important compound of the fruit of trifoliate orange, and TOE had the ability to reduce IgE concentrations in cultured cells and a chemically sensitized in vivo mouse model.