The present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of dimethoate on juvenile Cyprinus carpio var. communis. Fishes weighing 10 ± 2 gms were selected and mortality data was statistically evaluated by Finney's Probit Method. The 96-hour LC50 value for Cyprinus carpio was found as 1.1 ppm in static bioassay system. Mean values of physicochemical parameters of aquarium waters determined during bioassay depicted slight variation indicating that the mortality in aquarium fishes occurred due to pesticide exposure and not suffocation. Lab. temperature ranged from 12 to 13°C; water temperature ranged from 11 to 12°C; dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.90 to 4.56 mg/L; pH ranged from 6.90 to 7.05; total dissolved solids ranged from 2.66 to 3.0 × 103 mg/L, while CO2 remained at a constant value of 2.0 mg/L. The fishes elicited various behavioural responses such as uncoordinated movements, convulsions, excessive mucus secretion, and imbalanced swimming which ended in a collapse to the bottom of the aquarium. Prior to death, the clinical signs like scale erosion, pale body colour, and hemorrhagic patches over the body were noticed which became more vivid up to the termination of experiments. Results of the study indicate potential toxicity of dimethoate in fingerlings of common carp for which the natural waterbodies must be continuously monitored to reduce its impact across food chains.

During the last decades, several research groups have used bisphosphonates for local application to counteract secondary bone resorption after bone grafting, to improve implant fixation or to control bone resorption caused by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). We focused on zoledronate (a bisphosphonate) due to its greater antiresorptive potential over other bisphosphonates. Recently, it has become obvious that the carrier is of importance to modulate the concentration and elution profile of the zoledronic acid locally. Incorporating one fifth of the recommended systemic dose of zoledronate with different apatite matrices and types of bone defects has been shown to enhance bone regeneration significantly in vivo. We expect the local delivery of zoledronate to overcome the limitations and side effects associated with systemic usage; however, we need to know more about the bioavailability and the biological effects. The local use of BMP-2 and zoledronate as a combination has a proven additional effect on bone regeneration. This review focuses primarily on the local use of zoledronate alone, or in combination with bone anabolic factors, in various preclinical models mimicking different orthopaedic conditions.Cite this article: I. Qayoom, D. B. Raina, A. Širka, Š. Tarasevičius, M. Tägil, A. Kumar, L. Lidgren. Anabolic and antiresorptive actions of locally delivered bisphosphonates for bone repair: A review. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:548–560. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.710.BJR-2018-0015.R2.

Present study was undertaken to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplanktons with respect to the changes in various physico-chemical parameters of Dongarwada ghat of river Narmada Madhya Pradesh. The study was carried for a year from March 2010 to February 2011.The results revealed presence of total 27 taxa of phytoplanktons belonging to 4 families were found in order of Chlorophyceae (47%) >Cyanophyceae (27%) >Bacillariophyceae (23%)

Jammu and Kashmir serves a congenial habitat for variety of fish species due to large number of cold water resources which has paved way for the development of fisheries sector in the state. The state has crossed 20.0 thousand tonnes of fish production because of modern aquacultural practices implied at both governmental and private levels. Kashmir province is a leading producer of fishes contributing more than 80% of the total production of the state while as Jammu on the other hand has also emerged as a major producer of animal protein through fisheries sector. The fish production data of four decades reflects increasing trend of production in all commercially important species of both the provinces. However the statistical models forecasting the future production provide an idea about the growth patterns in fishes. In this paper, growth pattern of three different fish species (Trout, Mirror carp and Country fish) from Kashmir province and various fishes from Jammu province (collectively named as Jammu fish) of the state was assessed using fish production data from 1956-57 to 2011-12. Forecasting of fish production was made on the basis of the best fitted statistical models. Results showed that Kashmir province shows overall compound growth of 4.2% against 7.9% of increased compound growth rate of fish production of Jammu province since 1956-57. Cubic model was found to be the best fitted model for all the species in both the regions. However, when future fish production of the state is taken into consideration, the statistical models indicated a decreasing trend in the overall fish production of both the provinces. Besides, the matter of concern is that the demand of 70,000 thousand tonne consumption of fish protein in the state which is a milestone yet to be achieved.

Present study was carried out to investigate the alterations in the haematological profile of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. communis) against acute toxicity of organophosphorous compounds, dimethoate and chlorpyrifos. The fish were divided into 5 different experimental groups for range finding tests on the basis of which the doses for definitive tests were selected. The acute bioassay toxicity tests were carried out in triplicates for 96 hours with a control group run parallel to the experiment. Data obtained was analyzed as per Finney’s probit to determine LC50 values. The mean lethal concentration was found 1.1ppm and 3.8ppb respectively for dimethoate and chlorpyrifos. The samples investigated for various haematological parameters such as haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red blood cell (TEC) and White blood cell (TLC and DLC) counts the heamatocrit (Ht) level, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Packed cell volume (PCV) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a negative impact of pesticide treated fishes when compared with control. Hb, TEC and Ht were found lower while as ESR and TLC were recorded higher than the control specimens. MCV and MCH showed statistically insignificant differences when compared with control. In DLC, monocyte lymphocyte, neutrophil and basophils were found increased while as eosinophil count was found unaffected than the normal. Studies suggested that the pesticides are potential toxicants for common carps among which chlorpyrifos was found to elicit profound changes intense than dimethoate.