This chapter focuses on the development of solid control system that is suited for drilling 12.25-inch hole. The first part discusses the performance of rate of penetration (ROP), equivalent circulating density (ECD) and drill string drag while the second part of the chapter discusses about the effect of solid control system performance to mud properties plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and low gravity solid (LGS). The input parameters were gathered from two different set up of solid control systems that were used in Well A and Well B. The result is mainly based on the performance of original solid control system new design vs. old design. Installation of distributor tank and channeling the mud to respective shale shakers significantly enhanced the system and operational performance. The ROP at 12.25-inch drilling was improved by 20%. New design, on an average, improved the ECD margin by reducing additional pressure exerted using original mud from 4.9 to 2.9%. High ECD margin is not recommended because it can break the weak formation. Mud properties while drilling the 12.25-inch hole section; PV, YP and LGS values were improved by 14, 17, and 25% respectively.
Drilled solid is a continuous contaminant in drilling mud during drilling operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the statistical correlation of drilled solid concentration on mud rheology. A Spearman's correlation was used to determine the relationship between 31 mud rheology data and the drilled solid concentration data from North Kuwait Field. Four rheological models were used to compare the rheological behaviour of the drilled solid-laden drilling fluid which were Bingham Plastic, Power Law, Herschel-Bulkley and Robertson-Stiff Model. Results showed that a positive monotonic relationship was observed between all drilled solid concentration and mud rheology parameters. An excessive relationship was observed between drilled solid concentration and mud density with a Spearman coefficient (ρ) of 0.942. Other mud rheology parameters such as plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength show a significant (high) relationship with a spearman coefficient (ρ) in between 0.833 and 0.704. Flow curves of the drilled solid-laden drilling fluids used in this study can be well depicted by the Herschel-Bulkley and Robertson-Stiff Model. These results are not only support the justifiable attention given to address drilled solid impact to the mud rheology, but they also proposed a statistically approach in preparing data for analysis.
The nature of solid content mechanism in drilling fluids directly affects its properties and causes adverse impact on drilling performance. It has rapidly evolved and become a paramount issue over the years because of challenging drilling operations. To control the impact of the drilled solids on drilling fluid properties, solid control system unit must be capable of removing the drilled solids before the re-circulation. Failure to establish good solid control management may end the operation strategy with dilution method. A rigorous analysis of drilled solid effects and its correlation with poor performance of solid control system significantly reflects on the overall rig performance in optimizing drilling operation. This paper presents a study of two different solid control system configuration used in two drilling wells. The study shows that installation of distributor tank reduces mud overflow and brings in flow control stability. Mud rheologies – Plastic viscosity, Yield Point and Low Gravity Solid are considered for the two solid control systems. The results of the new solid control system design are better than the old one. Plastic viscosity, yield point and low gravity solid values improve by 14 %, 17 % and 25 % respectively. These results can be used to check the drilling performance and also in characterization of the solid control system to enhance the drilling mud capabilities. This research shows the need of engineering evaluation in the solid control system to reduce the chances of frequent drilling problems, rig components wear issue and other drilling fluid related hazards.
<em>A multiphase flow system is commonly faced by oil and gas industries where it constituted of complex design and analysis [1]. Previous studies on the multiphase system have established a number of models including Hagerdon & Brown, Duns & Ros, Orkiszewki and Beggs & Brill [1]. Numerous studies have been carried out on the multiphase system related to production engineering [3]. However, the study on the multiphase system is found limited to be related to well control and drilling management. The multiphase system is interestingly important in well control especially during unwanted circumstances such as kick. Flow behavior and pattern might be different from one phase system where normally only gas kick is considered during design stage of the drilling campaign. Since the multiphase kick might represent different outcome compared to one phase system, an accurate calculation of multiphase kick is desired. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the impact on the multiphase kick with on the pressure drop reading and its connection with a circulating system. The study will cover on Pressure drop calculation using Beggs & Brill correlation by consolidating all the data given from various sources; Identification of flow regime of the multiphase system for the base case with several reference pressure; Sensitivity analysis including the effect of different liquid content and liquid flow rate towards the pressure drop. The expected outcomes from this study are beneficial for well control management where necessary actions to prevent blowout.</em>
This manuscript aimed to propose a new approach in estimating the cutting transport ratio through a relationship between equivalent circulating density (ECD) and drilled solid concentration from different formations in a nearly vertical well. A laboratory test utilising drilled cuttings from North Kuwait Field was conducted to simulate drilled solids-laden mud for accomplishing this purpose. The drilled solids were taken from four formations, namely Radhuma, Tayarat, Hartha and Sadi. The rheological behaviour of the drilled solids-laden mud was conducted according to API Recommended Practice 13B. In addition to laboratory tests, a database was established from drilled solids produced in the three wells of the North Kuwait field. As a result of the laboratory tests and actual field data, new empirical equation between drilled solid concentration and equivalent circulating density was proposed. ECD from laboratory works matched with the ECD field at an R2 value of 0.93, proving the data’s reliability. This empirical equation can be used to calculate the cutting transport ratio and later can be used to optimise drilling operations.
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