An evergreen topic of human-computer interaction research is multi-modality. It has been considered important for the user interface of future computer aided conceptual design systems and what is hoped is that integration of, for instance, voice control, hand gesture/motion processing, and physical object scanning can increase both the semantic level and the efficiency of the interaction. In the area of computer mediated shape conceptualization, especially human hand motion detection and processing can play an important role. The authors’ research focuses on the study of the opportunities offered by hand motion processing in shape conceptualization. As a first step they have studied the state of the art and analyzed the technologies applicable to hand motion processing. This paper reports on the findings. The various technologies have been sorted in four categories: direct incomplete, direct complete, indirect incomplete and indirect complete detection. First, the principles supporting this categorization are explained in Section 2. The next four sections of the paper investigate the hand motion detection and processing technologies. Section 7 discusses the characteristics and operational parameters from the aspect of using hand motion for shape input in conceptual design. Our conclusion is that the currently known technologies do not absolutely support processing of a language of hand motions that is under development for creative shape conceptualization. Therefore, the hand motion language needs to be redesigned and adapted to the best technology.
In this paper, approaches for behavioral simulation of humans and human-artifact systems are reviewed The objective was to explore available knowledge for the development of a new method and system for the simulation of use processes of consumer durables in conceptual design. A key issue is to resolve the trade-off between minimizing the modeling and computing effort on the one hand, and maximizing the amount of valuable information obtained from simulations to facilitate improving the product. After drawing up review criteria, we reviewed existing simulation approaches, which we characterized based on the simulation models. We found that the surveyed approaches can only address limited, largely unconnected subsets of the various behaviors that can be simulated. For the most advanced approaches, the subsets can be clustered into three main groups: (i) kinematics and rigid-body kinetics simulated with non-discretized object models, (ii) mechanical-deformation behavior and non-mechanical physical behavior simulated with discretized object models and (iii) interpreted physical behavior (information processing) simulated with finite-state machines. No clear-cut solutions for integrated behavioral simulation of use processes have been found, however, we could identify opportunities to bridge the gaps between the three groups of behavior, which can help us to resolve the aforementioned trade-off. In the first place, it seems that the possibilities for using discretized models in kinematics simulation (especially with consideration of the large deformations that are common in biomechanics) have not been fully explored. Alternatively, a completely new uniform modeling paradigm, possibly based on particles, might also help to resolve the gap between the two distinct groups of physical behaviors. Finally, hybrid simulation techniques can bridge the gap between the observed physical behaviors and interpreted physical behaviors. Here, the combination with the object models commonly used for simulations in group (i) and (ii) seems to be largely unexplored. Our findings offered valuable insights as a starting point for developing an integrated method and system for modeling and simulating use processes. We expect that other researchers dealing with similar issues in combining seemingly disconnected simulation approaches could benefit as well.
Conceptual design is recognized as the most critical stage in design. Yet few CAD tools exist to aid designers in conceptual design tasks, such as clarifying the design requirements and defining its functions, structure, form, interfaces and appearance of products. Often multiple conceptual designs are created and explored, usually in qualitative terms, to determine feasibility of achieving the desired functions and performance specifications. In most cases, schedules and budget do not permit the development and detailed quantitative analysis of all alternatives, so one must narrow down the choices before proceeding to later stages in design. Thus, such evaluation must be carried out with incomplete information. What makes conceptual design different from embodiment and detail design is the creative leap whose roots are in human knowledge, intuition, heuristics, analytic reasoning, expressing, creativity, synthesis and reflections. Computer aided conceptual design ͑CACD͒ intends to provide wide algorithmic support to conceptual design, which is fueled by human ideation and creative composition of design concepts. This dependence on human intents, intuitions, cognition, perception, reasoning, preferences, and judgment is what makes computer support challenging.The vagueness or lack of information, the under-determined design constraints, rapid evolution of concepts, multiple aspects of synthesis, and the possibility of alternative solutions introduce uncertainty. In addition, conceptual design is highly domain dependent.Conventional CAD tools do not provide much support to the designer at the conceptual phase of design. However, one can see from the facts mentioned above that algorithmic formalization of all aspects of conceptual design does not have a strong rational basis and striving for its complete automation does not make sense. Nevertheless, there are some sub-problems in conceptual design that may lend themselves to automation and this is the subject of this special issue. Six full research papers and one technical note were carefully selected from a total of 29 submitted papers, which were peer reviewed and revised in at least two iterations.Titled Combinatorial laws for physically meaningful designs, the first paper by Ramaswamy and Shapiro can be classified as a contribution to computer oriented representation and modeling of design concepts. It proposes an integral representation of geometric and physical information for product conceptualization. In this computational approach, the geometry is represented as oriented cell complex, the properties of which are used in the combinatorial interpretation of physical laws. Further research in this direction might result in a method that is broadly applicable across a wide range of conceptual design problems.The paper of Zeng, Pardasani, Antunes, Li, Dickinson, Gupta and Baulier, titled Mathematical foundation for modeling conceptual design sketches,* belongs to the area of mathematical and algorithmic underpinning of computer aided conceptual design.
Efficient computer support of product innovation processes has become an important issue of industrial competitiveness in the last forty years. As a consequence, there has been a growing demand for new computer-based tools and system. Various hardware, software and knowledge technologies have been used over the years as the basis of design support systems. With the appearance of network technologies, the conventional standalone workstation paradigm has been replaced by the paradigm of web-interconnected collaborative environments. Currently, the emerging and rapidly proliferating mobile and ubiquitous computing technologies create a technological push again. These technologies force us to reconsider not only the digital information processing devices and their interconnection, but also the way of obtaining, processing and communicating product design information. Many researches and laboratories are engaged with the development of novel concepts, architectures, tools and methods for next-generation design support environments. They will integrate many resources of the current collaborative design environments with pervasive computing functionality and large-scale mobility in a volatile manner. Part of the design support tools will have fixed location, but will be remotely accessible through wireless networks. Other part of the tools will be moving with the designers as portable, embedded, wearable and transferable devices, and will feature ad hoc connectivity. These not only offer new ways for aggregation, processing and presentation of design information, but also enable alternative ways of completing design activities. Our current research concentrates on three interrelated main issues: (i) studying workflow scenarios for future design support environment, (ii) investigation and integration of multiple technologies into an ad hoc interconnected heterogeneous infrastructure, and (iii) exploring efficient methods for utilizing new affordances in supporting product innovation. In this paper we report on the results of our recent technology study that analyzed the current results and trends of ubiquitous technology development, and tried to form a vision about the possible manifestation of future ubiquitous design support environments. Essentially, they have been conceptualized as ad hoc and volatile networks of fixed and mobile information collection, processing and communication units. This network functions as a complex service provider system, with special attention to the on-demand information management in the fuzzy front end of design projects.
This paper provides a systematic approach for copying and pasting of freeform features among existing models of design. Freeform feature as complex high-level shape entity enables a fast creation and modification of a geometric model in the context of both mechanical and aesthetic design. Copying and pasting of freeform feature can enhance not only the rapid shaping of the geometric model itself, but also the inheriting of design knowledge built in existing designs. In this paper definitions of freeform feature are reviewed and consummated. An analysis of parametric and topological relevancy of freeform feature is given in terms of copying operation and an elaboration of the reconstruction of freeform feature in a new geometric model regarding to pasting operation is presented. The reuse of freeform feature is discussed, and related algorithms are presented in detail.
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