The erosion is a very complex problem that can damage environmental ecosystems and land productivity. The main objective of this study is to predict soil erosion in Watutela watershed after the earthquake using GIS combination with the USLE method. The results showed that the erosion hazard index in the Watutela watershed was between the low to high criteria. The danger of high erosion was found in empty land about 427.93 tons/ha/year. While on the other hand, low criteria occurred in the shrubs 26.07 tons/ha/year. The results obtained allow determining as the Palu City development zone and to minimize the erosion hazard index, soil, and water conservation needs to be done through reforestation, rehabilitation utilization of tree architecture models that function in controlling erosion and climate, especially in high erosion hazard class.
The heterogeneity of infiltration has a strategic influence on the hydrological process in the watershed, and one of the factors affecting its rate and soil compaction is land use. Therefore, this study aims to compare infiltration rates in three land-use areas, namely secondary forest, agroforestry, and moor. A survey method was used, where field data observations were carried out at three locations. The infiltration rate measurement was performed using a double-ring infiltrometer with five repetitions at each sampling site. The results showed that the lowest value of 4.72 cm h-1 was recorded on the moorland, while agroforestry had the highest of 12.87 cm h-1. These findings indicate that land use has a significant role in changing soil physical properties and compaction, hence, sustainable soil and water conservation strategies are needed.
Indonesia is facing severe environmental problems, one of which is the problem of river water pollution caused by garbage and domestic waste. The Deli River in Medan is an example of river water pollution by organic and inorganic waste, which is a serious problem. Along with the flow of the Deli River from upstream to downstream, there are many points for illegal dumping along the river. To change the community’s mindset to become an environmentally aware society is through environmental education. Environmental education, which is carried out in schools close to the Deli River is a big effort to save the existence of the Deli River. Domestic waste and domestic waste management education are carried out in schools, involving students and teachers. Creating recycling training for students and caring for reforestation in schools by using compost from organic waste in schools is an activity to educate students to become environmentally friendly human beings, using waste as value for the use and saving the environment. Schools that carry out environmental education activities have students who have a good awareness of managing the school environment. This education could form young people who are environmentally friendly.
The Land converted in the form of road construction crossing protected forest areas has resulted in the loss of vegetation diversity and while surface flow and erosion are accelerated. This research aimed at determining the effectiveness of land and water conservation practices in controlling runoff and erosion. The research method adopted in this investigation uses a multislot divider measuring 10 m x 5 m with a slope of 25% on geogrid, geonet, and vegetation cover plots, where each plot comprises 3 pieces, accumulating to 9 units. The result showed the highest total runoff between June and November in the geogrid plot (531.61 m 3 /ha). This was followed by the geonet (492.5 m 3 /ha), while the lowest value was recorded in the vegetation cover plot (174.7 m 3 /ha), with 1336 mm of rainfall. These outcomes collectively had a directly proportional relationship with the total land erosion, and similar rainfall at 94.17 tons/ha, 73.9 tons/ha, and 42.4 tons/ha for geogrid, geonet, and vegetation cover plots, respectively. The results demonstrated the effect of rainfall and slope on runoff as well as erosion and also provide valuable information on the negative impact of land conversion from vegetation cover to other uses.
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