Introduction: Consent is a legal requirement for all medical procedures whether surgical or non-surgical. Different types of consents are discussed in books, all fulfill legal requirements which totally depends upon the nature and type of case under process. Objective: Main objective of the study is to determine the awareness of public about consent and its legal value. Material and Method: It is a cross sectional observational study conducted at orthopedic department of Services Hospital Lahore, from 1st January 2019 to 29th December, 2019. A total of 125 patients were selected for this study. Study design: It is a cross sectional observational study. Setting: Study was conducted in the orthopedic department of Services Hospital Lahore. Duration: Study was conducted from 1st January 2019 to 29th December 2019. Data Collection: Data was collected through a questionnaire which was modified after pilot study. Results: Majority 60% of the patients believe that consent is a formality for any medical procedure. 76% of the patients have a feeling that consent is a medical document and has no legal value. 40% of the patients believe that by signing consent they forgive their right for any compensation. 48% of patient’s view consent as protection of their rights whereas 36% of them are unaware about this fact. Conclusion: This study concludes the ignorance of the people about the legal value of consent. A vast gap exists between the informed consent and the knowledge of the people signing this document. In the current situation inform consent need to be modified so that public should be aware about its importance. Keywords: Consent
Introduction: Identification of human being is always a problem for scientistsand is based upon scientific principles. Finger prints, dental data, anthropometry & DNAanalysis are the tools used for identification purposes. The new arriving tool in the field ofpersonal identity is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip prints which are unique for every individualand behold the potential for identification purpose. If lip prints are found at scene of crime, thepresence or absence of a person can be ruled out from the scene of crime. Methodology:The present study comprises of 150 students of SKZMDC in the age group of 20-23 year outof which 50 are males and 100 females. Lip prints were collected and matched according toSuzuki &Tsushihashi’s classification. Results: The most common pattern found in female wasII, while type III was predominant among males. Conclusion: Studies show lip prints have greatpotential to establish individuality, show gender variation and remain unchanged forever
Introduction: Self-inflicted injuries have always attracted medicolegal experts. These injuries are produced by a person on his own body for ulterior motives. Majority of such cases are observed among adults dominated by male gender. Such cases when observed among young age group are alarming and need to be explored. Excessive use of social media, unresolved social issues, large family size, lack of education, family conflict are among the leading causes of rise in such cases. Parental guidance in all such cases need to stressed as such children who has some psychiatric problems are already highlighted and known to the parents, close supervision of such adolescents could help them to prevent such grave incidences. The emotional bond between children and parents at this age is quite strong any emotional disturbance if properly handled at this stage could lead to a healthy state of mind rather than to be a stigma resulting in self-inflicted injuries which shall leave a long lasting effect on the emotional status of the child. Material and Method: Data from three major hospitals from Lahore catering paediatric cases was collected from January 2000 to December 2010. This data was analyzed for further study. Inclusion criteria: Those cases which were declared self-inflicted case by the examining medical officer were included in the study. Results: Results showed that males were more involved in self-infliction and the dominant weapon used sharp edged weapon followed by blunt weapon. Most common site of such injuries is wrist. Females were involved to a lesser extent in such cases, however, the weapon most commonly used among females was also sharp edged and wrist was the most common site of such injuries. Conclusion: Large family size, loose association between parents and children, low socioeconomic condition, family headed by single parent usually shows higher incidence of such injuries among young age group. Keywords: Self-inflicted injuries, Medico-legal issues, Age group.
Introduction: Identification whether of living person or of dead bodies have always been an uphill task for forensic experts. Traditional ways of identification are used commonly due to limited resources and lack of trained personals in the relevant field. Identification becomes very important when victim or assailant is unknown. To establish identification, methods commonly used are finger prints, foot prints, DNA technology. Lip prints a relatively neglected field of identification can be used to establish identification and sex determination producing almost same results as other methods of identification. Objectives: To determine whether lip prints can be used from their configuration to determine the gender identification. Material and Method: 75 medical college students with equal gender distribution, 35 male and 35 females were included in the study. Students were aged between 18 to 25 years. Inclusion criteria: Students with no lip abnormality were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Students with any abnormality of lips or who have some lip surgery were excluded from the study. Results: The uniqueness of the lips was established by the facts that no two lips matched with each other. Females revealed type I, I’ most abundant, whereas type IV was abundantly observed among males. From the current study, with inexperienced observers it was revealed that from sample of 20 lip patterns from each gender, 18 females and 17 males were easily identified. Conclusion: Identification of a person whether living or dead is a challenging task for forensic experts around the globe. Lip prints are among the cheapest and easily available methods of identification producing almost same results as finger prints. It is a rather neglected area which needs to be focused more as it is cheap and can be equally effective in producing almost same results as other related methods used for identification and sex determination in particular unknown cases. Keywords: Sex determination, Lip prints, Medicolegal importance.
Background: Abortion is considered illegal in many countries, same is true in Pakistan. In spite of all considerations no law currently support abortion, it is moral value of the doctor to justify this act. The ratio of cases resulting in abortion with the consent of mother are usually not reported at the government hospital that is why the actual figure remain unclear. Majority of cases of illegal abortion are observed among females out of wedlock, who do not want to disclose it to their family and friends, so they seek a secret way to get rid of this burden. The ways adopted for abortion are not legal and quite unhygienic which places the female at risk of sepsis or even death. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 cases of septic abortion were reported to Lady Aitcheson Hospital, Lahore during a period of 4 years from 2015 to 2019. All these cases of septic abortion were cases of criminal abortion. Results: Out of 750 cases of abortion only those illegal abortions which got septic were considered in this study. Depending on the symptoms they were divided into three groups. Majority of the cases were between 20-25 years of age and belonged to low socioeconomic group. Out of 15 cases 06 died due to advanced sepsis, 03 recovered with multiple antibiotic for more than two weeks, 02 patients had blood transfusion and recovered, 08 had laparotomy and 02 had laparotomy with hysterectomy. Conclusion: The present study concludes that criminal abortion although illegal and is prevailing globally cannot by prevented. However, legal reforms need to be made so that whenever such cases are encountered proper medical cover and early referral to a hospital can prevent mortality among such females.
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