Background: West Sumatra is a target area for malaria elimination in 2020; the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) in Padang City increased from 0.12 per 1000 inhabitants to 0.13 per 1000 inhabitants between 2015 and 2016. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of factors contributing to malaria events based on the environmental and behavioral conditions of people in Padang City. Method: This is a quantitative study using a case-control approach. The research was conducted in Padang from August 2017 until January 2018. The case-control study was conducted on a sample of 62 people, consisting of 31 cases and 31 controls. Cases were identified through random sampling and controls were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was via observation and questionnaires and both univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Descriptively, malaria patients were more likely to live in at-risk physical conditions at home (74.12%), had a history of visiting endemic areas (41.90%), did not use mosquito repellent equipment (58%), and had the habit of being outdoors at night (32.28%). Statistical tests showed the risk factors for the incidence of malaria were the physical condition of the house (OR = 3.43; 95% CI 1.20–9.20) and a history of visiting endemic areas (OR = 9; 95% CI 1.20–394). Conclusion: Environmental and behavioral factors affect the incidence of malaria. It is recommended that the Padang City Health Office provide counseling through health promotion officers about healthy homes and advise people not to go to endemic areas.
ABSTRAKMenurut WHO yang menyatakan di dalam Guideline 20 November 2020 berjudul Therapeutics and COVID-19 membagi keparahan penyakit menjadi yaitu tidak parah, parah, dan kritis. Terdapat berbagai faktor risiko berupa karakteristik dan komorbid dari penyakit. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan merokok dan penyakit penyerta dengan keparahan COVID-19 menggunakan systematic review dan meta analisis Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan faktor risiko merokok tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan COVID-19 dengan p-value 0,12 (OR 1,44 95% CI 0,91-2,28). Komorbid diabetes mellitus memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan dengan p-value 0,00001 (OR 3,21 95% CI 2,23-4,63). Hipertensi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan dengan p-value 0,0001 (OR 2.80 95% CI 1.29-6,09). Kardiovaskular memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan dengan p-value 0,00001 dan 0,005 (OR 2,46 95% CI 1,16-5,25). PPOK tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan dengan p-value 0,07 (OR 1,91 95% CI 0,94-3,85). Faktor risiko merokok dan PPOK tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan. Komorbid diabetes mellitus, hipertensi, kardiovaskular memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keparahan COVID-19. Kata kunci: COVID-19, Keaparahan, Komorbid, Faktor Risiko
The COVID-19 outbreak that began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China has become a pandemic. The whole world is struggling to fight against COVID-19, every effort has been made. In addition, this disease also has various risk factors in the form of characteristics and comorbidities of the disease. The study aimed to examine the relationship between smoking and comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality using a systematic review and meta-analysis. ,13-1,22). Comorbid diabetes mellitus had a significant relationship with mortality with a p-value of 0.00001 (OR 2.45 95% CI 1.55-3.88). Hypertension has a significant relationship with mortality with a p-value of 0.0001 (OR 3.88 95% CI 0.92-16.44). Cardiovascular has a significant relationship with mortality with a p-value of 0.005 (OR 3.77 95% CI 1.51-9.43). COPD has a significant relationship with mortality with a p-value of 0.00001 (OR 4.68 95% CI 3.11-7.04). Factors for mortality risk factors for smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular and COPD have a significant relationship and can increase the risk of death in patients with COVID-19
The study aims to understand the factor related to measles-rubella immunization in Seberang Padang health center and Air Tawar health center. This study is a comparative crossectional study, samples of 96 mothers with a proportional sampling method. Data collection is done with the questionnaire. The univariate analysis result shows 30,6% are not immunized against rubella measles in the Seberang Padang health center, 45% are not immunized at Air Tawar health center. Bivariate analysis result at Seberang Padang health center shows a p-value of knowledge. Based on the bivariate analysis, factors related to measles-rubella immunization at Seberang Padang health center are education p-value (0,002), maternal attitude (0,005), family support (0,002), immunization information (0,022). While in Air tawar health center, the related factors with measles-rubella immunization are education p-value (0,047), maternal attitudes (0,003), religious issues (0,025), and immunization information (0,028). The multivariate analysis shows that the related factors with a p-value of less than 0,05 are knowledge, maternal attitudes, religious issues, family support, and immunization information. Knowledge, maternal attitudes, religious issues, family support, and immunization information are the most influential factors with measles-rubella immunization.
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