The present study used physics to synthesize silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of fresh garlic as reducing and as a stabilizing agent silver nitrate solution. This method has proven to be environmentally friendly and safe for the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles. The acquisition of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by optical detection, that is, by changing the color of the liquid to transparent orange and then blackish brown. Then, the characterization was confirmed using other assays. In this study, it was found that the absorption peak of silver nanoparticles was at a wavelength of 420 nm and the particle size ranged between [50–350] nm. The surface roughness of silver oxide/silver nanoparticles was 9.32 nm with an average square roughness of 21.19 nm, and the energy dispersive spectra showed that the absorption peak was in the region of 3 keV, indicating that the nanoparticles contained crystalline silver. In this study, the stability of the silver nanoparticles was good, as ZP reached (− 19.5). The results confirm that the conductivity increases with the increase in frequency due to the high energy of the photons, which causes the electrons to vibrate in the energy levels and thus increase the energy in the mitochondria and increase the movement of sperm in the Diabetic mice treated with doses of silver nanoparticles. The toxic effect of silver nanoparticles has been evaluated in other studies, in addition to evaluating antioxidants, antifungals, treating cancer cells, regulating cholesterol levels, the effect of these nanoparticles on sex cells in pregnant female mice, heart tension, and many other tests. In this study, the activities and efficacy of silver nanoparticles on sperms were determined in male mice with diabetes caused by STZ, and the treatment period was long (35 days) so that the evaluation period was a complete life cycle of male sex cells and within a long period of time and at an average nano size. This has not been studied in other previous studies. The results indicate that the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using garlic plant led to positive results on sperm treatments by contributing to an increase in the number of sperm with reactivation and a decrease in abnormalities in addition to a decrease in mortality due to diabetes. This is evidence that the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using garlic plant size (50–350 nm) can treat impotence and be used in the future in the treatment of many diseases without side effects.

Nano- and microscale ZnO demonstrate robust antibacterial action, although the driving mechanisms remain undetermined. In this study for commercial ZnO nano-powders and home-grown ZnO microparticles of varying morphologies we probe the response to bacterial growth media in isolation and with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. ZnO microparticles are synthesized via a controllable hydrothermal method and subjected to biological assays with varying microbial environments. Changes in the optoelectronic, structural and chemical properties of these crystals before and after such exposure are characterized utilizing temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This is done to evaluate the impact of surface-surface interactions in antibacterial assays and the role ZnO surface and morphological properties play in these processes. In our experiments various bacterial environments are employed to elucidate the effects of media interactions on the cytotoxic efficacy of ZnO. In particular, minimum inhibitory concentration assays with Staphylococcus aureus reveal that microscale particles exhibit antibacterial efficacy comparable to that of the nano-powders, indicating that intra-bacterial internalization is not necessary for antimicrobial action. In our studies we determine that the nature of structural and optoelectronic changes in ZnO depends on both the media type and the presence (or absence) of bacteria in these media. Further evidence is provided to support significant cytotoxicity in the absence of particle internalization in bacteria, further highlighting the role of surface and media interactions in this process.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown promising results for diagnosing extrapulmonary TB in previous studies. However, the anti-MPT64 antibody currently used in the test is in limited supply, and reproduction of a functional antibody is a prerequisite for further large-scale use. Various antigen-adjuvant combinations and immunisation protocols were tested in mice and rabbits to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were screened in IHC, and the final new antibody was validated on clinical human specimens. We were not able to generate monoclonal antibodies that were functional in IHC, but we obtained multiple functional polyclonal antibodies through careful selection of antigen-adjuvant and comprehensive screening in IHC of both pre-immune sera and antisera. To overcome the limitation of batch-to-batch variability with polyclonal antibodies, the best performing individual polyclonal antibodies were pooled to one final large-volume new anti-MPT64 antibody. The sensitivity of the new antibody was in the same range as the reference antibody, while the specificity was somewhat reduced. Our results suggest that it possible to reproduce a large-volume functional polyclonal antibody with stable performance, thereby securing stable supplies and reproducibility of the MPT64 test, albeit further validation remains to be done.

Background: Silver nanoparticles are characterized with a high production techniques, in this study nanoparticles were manufactured using Origanum vulgare water extract and AgnO3. Objective: Experimental factors such as morphology and optical properties of nanoparticles were studied through specific assay such as morphology, spectroscopy of UV rays (UV-Visible), FE-SEM, FT-IR, and Atomic Force Analysis (AFM). Materials and Methods: showed that the spherical nanoparticles were found using TEM, with an average particle size distribution of 44.2 ± 88.1 nm with more than one active plant substance used within the Nano silver compound. In addition, the green nanoparticles have a response in treatment of damage in DNA based on the dose and structure of the nanoparticle in the lymphocytes of the patient with diabetic cells. Results &conclusion: These nanoparticles can be considered healthy and can be used without harming healthy parts. The DNA rate in lymphocyte cells was calculated for patients with diabetes using the comet technique. The results showed that the rate of destruction of lymphocytes was reduced for diabetic patient.