Extremism and radicalism penetrate the world of education, students are more vulnerable to radical movements because of the perspective that tends to see religious problems in black and white. Islamic Religious University (PTKI) has an important role in providing a moderate Islamic education curriculum to students as a basic course, becoming an opportunity to form the attitude of religious moderation of students as the next generation. This research examines how higher education institutions, especially Islamic Religious University (PTKI) in Indonesia as a means of disseminating knowledge and ideas, the internet plays a vital role in the formation and dissemination of many ideologies, both conservative and moderate. This research uses a qualitative approach, data collection techniques use literature and empirical data that occur in society. The results showed that Islamic Religious University (PTKI) in Indonesia sought to mainstream moderate Islam, and strengthen Islamic moderation synergistically in every PTKI environment and level of all structures.
Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi yang berdasar atas hukum (constitutional democratic state), dengan pengertian bahwa konstitusi memiliki kedudukan sebagai hukum tertinggi, karena itu seluruh penyelenggaraan negara harus berdasar pada Konstitusi. Mahkamah Konstitusi hadir sebagai pengawal konstitusi untuk mewujudkan terjelmanya cita-cita Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi yang berdasar atas hukum. Penelitian yang berjudul Penemuan Hukum dan Penggunaan Yurisprudensi Oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi mengkaji tentang arti penting penemuan hukum dan keterikatan penggunaan yurisprudensi dalam memutus perkara sesuai kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode socio legal, yaitu metode penelitian yang mengkaji suatu permasalahan melalui analisa normatif, kemudian menggunakan pendekatan ilmu non-hukum yang berkembang di masyarakat. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan yaitu; 1) penemuan hukum oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi diartikan sebagai upaya bagaimana Mahkamah Konstitusi menafsirkan Konstitusi (UUD 1945), menguji undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945, memutus perkara lain yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh UUD 1945, 2) Mahkamah Konstitusi tidak ada kewajiban untuk terikat dan tidak ada larangan untuk menggunakan yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung beserta peradilan lain yang berada di bawahnya lingkungannya maupun yurisprudensi Mahkamah Konstitusi sendiri. Indonesia is a democratic state based on law (constitutional democratic state), with understanding that Constitution has a position as the supreme law, because the whole administration of the state should be based on the Constitution. The Constitutional Court was present as the guardian of the constitution to realize realization of ideals of Indonesia as a democratic state based on law. The research entitled Rechtsvinding and Jurisprudence Used by the Constitutional Court examines the importance of rechtsvinding and the attachment of using jurisprudence in deciding cases according to the authority possessed by the Constitutional Court. This research uses the Socio Legal method, which is a research method that examines a problem through normative analysis, then uses a non-legal science approach that develops in society. The results of the research that has been done are; 1) penemuan law by the Constitutional Court interpreted as an effort to how the Constitutional Court interpreting the Constitution (1945), testing the laws against the 1945 Constitution, to decide the other cases the authority granted by the 1945 Constitution, 2) The Constitutional Court there is no obligation to be bound and is not there is a prohibition to use the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and other courts under its environment as well as the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court itself.
Marriage is a contract that justifies a man and a woman, with a marriage contract to build a happy and prosperous family. The marriage process has been regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 that every marriage must be carried out according to religious provisions and must be recorded. But what about the marriage law for women who are divorced outside the religious court, according to Law Number 1 of 1974 and according to Islamic Law? Because in practice, there are also marriages that are carried out without recording so that they do not have a marriage certificate. Similarly, the occurrence of divorces that are not carried out in front of the Religious Courts, so they do not have a divorce certificate or certificate. For women who are divorced without having a divorce certificate who will enter into a new marriage. So, to legalize the marriage, one must apply for a marriage isbath for divorce.
The seller offers goods with online media by relying on the description of the goods in the form of videos or photos so that consumers cannot directly check the goods to be purchased. This article analyzes the seller's liability due to hidden defects in online buying and selling transactions. This study uses a normative juridical approach. Results of the study show that hidden defective products sold by sellers in online transactions are the absolute responsibility of the seller as regulated in Article 19 of the UUPK, as well as the provisions of Articles 1365 and 1865 of the Civil Code, namely the seller is responsible for the goods sold. However, this responsibility must be proven that the seller did make a mistake, and the result of the mistake has been detrimental to the consumer. Besides the obligation of consumers to be careful, consumers also need to get protection.
Abstrak Surat kuasa dapat diberikan kepada orang lain sebagai delegasi untuk melakukan sesuatu. Penelitian ini membahas tentang Surat Kuasa yang Diberikan WNI dari luar negeri untuk beracara di pengadilan Indonesia. Ini juga membahas validitas dokumen surat kuasa warga negara Indonesia dari Indonesia untuk beracara di pengadilan luar negeri. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dari jurnal, artikel, buku, dan situs web sebagai referensi. Syarat surat kuasa yang dibuat di luar negeri adalah untuk menyerahkan dan berpartisipasi dalam ketentuan pengadilan di mana gugatan dapat diterima atau diajukan atau dikenal dengan nama dasar lex fori. Selain itu, surat kuasa luar negeri juga dapat dianggap sah jika dilegalkan oleh Kedutaan Besar setempat, Kementerian Luar Negeri, dan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Legalisasi dilakukan sebagai jaminan hukum bagi pengadilan di Indonesia bahwa memang benar bahwa pembentukan surat kuasa di negara yang bersangkutan agar tidak menimbulkan keraguan. Kita perlu memperhatikan empat persyaratan mutlak yang terkandung dalam SEMA No.2 tahun 1959. Jika salah satu syarat tidak terpenuhi, maka surat kuasa dianggap tidak sah. Itu sebabnya kami merekomendasikan persyaratan tersebut untuk mendapatkan legalisasi surat kuasa. Kata kunci : legalitas; luar negeri; pengadilan Indonesia; surat kuasa; WNI Abstract A power of attorney can be given to others as a delegation to do things. It is discussed about Indonesian citizens from abroad to be valid to appear in the Indonesian Court. It also discusses the validity of the power of attorney documents of Indonesian citizens from Indonesia to appear in foreign courts. Uses secondary data from journals, articles, books, and internet sites as references. The terms of a power of attorney made abroad are to submit and participate in the provisions of the court where the lawsuit can be received or filed or known by the basic name lex fori. In addition, overseas power of attorney can also be considered valid if legalized by the local Embassy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Legalization is done as a legal assurance for the court in Indonesia that it is true that the creation of a power of attorney in the country concerned so as not to raise doubts. We need to be concerned about the four absolute requirements contained in SEMA No.2 of 1959. If one of the conditions is not fulfilled, then the power of attorney is considered invalid. That's why we recommend filling the conditions to get the legalization of a power of attorney. Keywords: foreign; Indonesian citizens; Indonesian courts; legality; power of attorney
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