Abstract:In the vacuum thermoforming process, the group effects of the processing parameters, when related to the minimizing of the product deviations set, have conflicting and non-linear values which make their mathematical modelling complex and multi-objective. Therefore, this work developed models of prediction and optimization using artificial neural networks (ANN), having the processing parameters set as the networks' inputs and the deviations group as the outputs and, furthermore, an objective function of deviation minimization. For the ANN data, samples were produced in experimental tests of a product standard in polystyrene, through a fractional factorial design (2 k-p ). Preliminary computational studies were carried out with various ANN structures and configurations with the test data until reaching satisfactory models and, afterwards, multi-criteria optimization models were developed. The validation tests were developed with the models' predictions and solutions showed that the estimates for them have prediction errors within the limit of values found in the samples produced. Thus, it was demonstrated that, within certain limits, the ANN models are valid to model the vacuum thermoforming process using multiple parameters for the input and objective, by means of reduced data quantity.
Fikih Orientation in Islamic Education: The transformation process in formal Islamic education institutions is more oriented Fiqh Minded which emphasizes on wrong-right, sin-reward. Furthermore, it also occurs in teaching process of informal Islamic education. Some educators or propagators use 'sin-reward' method in front of his audience. Islamic education is more oriented on dramatisation of ritual's reward; fasting in ramadhan, pilgrimage during ramadhan, and alms giving. As a result, students are influenced by paradigm of 'sinreward'. This teaching pattern gives impact to the pattern of performing Islamic rituals which emphasizes on the form of fiqh an sich. In fact, behaviour is formed from an understanding of theological values, belief in the Almighty. This students attitude is supported by the fact or phenomenon which can be called as moral crisis among students ; the presence of student brawl, free-sex, and many others. This is due to Islamic education patterns do not emphasize on the importance of love, affection, tolerance, respect and so on. The implication of such model is that the rise of fiqh paradigm (namely single truth, single mazhab, and piety is measured by the obedience to fiqh), group or religious fanaticism, discrimination and religious conflicts.
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