Abstracts. Ways to increase economic efficiency during motor oil recovery are presented in the paper. The engine oil regeneration involves the use of internal energy resources. The methodology of motor oil regeneration system assessment is given in the paper. The exergy is taken as a main study source of the analysis. Thus, this method allows figuring out the ways and levels of the energy use and its distribution on the individual level. Besides that, the most efficient parts of the regeneration system could be described. Thermodynamical optimization based on the proposed methodology grants the possibility to find the beneficial way of motor oil recovery. Hence it is also the most energy and economically efficient solution. Thermo-economic analysis provides information about the feasibility of the engine oil regeneration in general.
The urgency of the issue is reasoned by the necessity to develop environmentally friendly technologies and engineering tools for cleaning emerged mineral oil from insoluble impurities in order to reuse them in the nodes and auto-tractor equipment systems. Hydrocyclone is one of the simplest and most effective means of cleaning waste oil. In order to determine the possibility of hydrocyclone usage in technological lines for purifying oils, it is necessary to establish the influence of its geometrical parameters on the purification quality of such high-viscosity liquid as emerged mineral oils. The purpose of the article is to study theoretically the cylindro-conical hydrocyclone geometrical parameters influence on the purification degree of emerged high-viscosity mineral oils from insoluble and wear debris. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the consideration of the behavior of a non-soluble particle in an oil stream under the influence of forces acting on it, which allows identifying the geometric and regime parameters of a cylindro-conical hydrocyclon. These parameters have the greatest influence on the oil purification degree. The article presents a theoretical justification for the geometrical parameters influence of a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone on the emerged oil purification degree, a separation criterion, which allows not only determining the optimal size of a hydrocyclone, but also conducting a comparative assessment of hydrocyclones with different geometric parameters by oil purification efficiency from insolubles. Theoretical researches are aimed at determining the cylindro-conical hydrocyclone geometric parameters, depending on the pollution intensity of the emerged mineral oil and the desired degree of its purification from insolubles.
The authors of the paper have established the dependence of the technological system condition of repair equipment during its operation on the repair quality of machine parts. The technique has been proposed to determine the machining quality of the parts repaired. It is based on an integrated method for calculating and determining technical condition of typical repair equipment in view of the proposed integral criterion for assessing its vibration resistance.
Current trends in the engine industry are aimed at improving the power and fuel-economic indicators of an internal combustion engine (ICE). This, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the mechanical and thermal load on the details of the cylinder-piston group (CPG). One of the most loaded parts of the CPG is the piston. Overheating of the piston leads to premature wear of rubbing surfaces, occurrence of piston rings and their breakdowns, jamming of pistons, burnouts of the piston bottom, etc. Modern technology can protect engine parts subject to thermal stresses, especially pistons, by using structural coatings or special insulating materials. The main idea of such a coating is to reflect thermal energy back into the combustion chamber, which should prevent the piston from overheating. Thermal protective coatings are applied by plasma and detonation methods, however, such coatings are destroyed during operation and therefore they are not widely used to reduce the temperature level of the piston. To improve the thermal insulation properties of the piston, it is proposed to form a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head by microarc oxidation (MAO). A distinctive feature of MAO is the participation in the process of covering formation of surface microdischarges that have a very significant and specific effect on the forming covering, as a result of which the composition and structure of the resulting oxidized layers are significantly different, and the properties are significantly increased compared to conventional anode films. Comparative motor tests, the results of which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head, increase power by 5.3% and reduce fuel consumption by 5.7%, compared with an engine equipped with standard pistons.
The research was carried out in order to determine the possibility of assessing the technical condition of an internal combustion engine (ICE) by the value of the total electromotive force (EMF) that occurs in its friction pairs. The contact area of the rubbing parts and the gap between them affects the electrical resistance in contact, and, accordingly, the value of the resulting EMF according to the established dependence. To confirm the theoretical results, studies were carried out on the UMP-417 engine using a developed measuring complex and a manufactured current-collecting device mounted on the output end of the engine crankshaft. With the operating mode corresponding to the speed of the crankshaft 800 min-1, the total value of the EMF in the measurement circuit cylinder liner-engine block-crankshaft-current collector (TSU) was 83...95 mV. At the same time, in the piston–cylinder liner friction pair, it was equal to 37 ... 47 mV, and in the crank mechanism friction pairs - 46...48 mV. The correspondence of the results of the theoretical calculation and bench studies of the values of the EMF value for a real internal combustion engine was: when measured using the Fluke device for the friction unit of the cylinder liner-piston – 62.1 %, for the friction units of the crank mechanism (root neck-connecting rod, connecting rod neck-connecting rod, root neck-engine block) - 15.1 %. When measured by the V1net device, for the cylinder liner – piston friction unit-85.5 %, for the crank mechanism friction units (root neck-connecting rod, connecting rod neck-connecting rod, root necks-engine block) - 93.2 %. The proposed method for determining the state of the engine by the value that occurs in its EMF friction nodes can be used in the technical diagnostics of engines
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