In this work researches on division of water oil emulsions and oil-containing waste by a coalescention method on granular polymers from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with sizes of particles of grains from 0,5 mm to 3 mm are conducted. Dynamic filtration of an emulsion was carried out through grains of polymer filled in a column with a diameter of 10 mm, the mass of grains of polymer was 2 g, and height of filling of a column of 10-12 cm. Speed of filtration of these emulsions through a column depends on the size of grains of a polytetrafluoroethylene. So with increase in the size of particles the speed of filtration increases, but the efficiency of removal of oil products decreases. Extent of cleaning of a water oil emulsion of oil products with initial concentration of 828 mg/dm3 made 62% at filtration through polymer with sizes of grains <0,5 mm and 51% at filtration of an emulsion through polymer grains with a size more than 3 mm. The efficiency of removal of free oil products was more than 90% of waste water. On the surface of grains of polymers the coalescention and aggregation of a particle of oil products is observed. Coalescention of oil products on grains of polymer is effective at removal from the unstable and stratified emulsions.
Annotation In the article, the object of the study is a sorption material obtained by low-temperature pyrolysis from a sludge of a biological sewage treatment, and processed by ultrasound. Ultrasonic treatment is one of the methods for improving sorption characteristics by increasing the specific surface area. The adsorption capacity of pyrolysis products by methylene blue on a UNICO 2800 spectrophotometer and iodine by the titrimetric method was studied. An increase in sorption activity after ultrasonic treatment on the sorption material was found: by 2.3 times for methylene blue, 2.5 times for iodine. Sorption properties with respect to iron, copper, nickel, and zinc ions under static conditions using the atomic-emission spectrometry method with inductively coupled plasma on the Agilent 720-OES spectrometer were studied. The degree of extraction of heavy metal ions using the pyrolysis product of sludge after ultrasonic treatment reaches: for Fe – 98.7%, Ni – 84.4%, Cu – 90.5%, and Zn – 95.2%. Ultrasonic treatment with a frequency of 35 kHz for 30 minutes allows to increase the sorption capacity of the product of pyrolysis of mud sediments by Ni ions by 2.4 times, Cu - 1.2 times, Zn - 1.7 times.
Annotation In the article, the object of study is the sorption material obtained by low-temperature pyrolysis from wood waste and treated with ultrasound. Ultrasonic treatment is one of the methods of improving the sorption characteristics of the pyrolysis product by increasing the specific surface area. The adsorption capacity of pyrolysis products was studied by titrimetric method using methylene blue on the UNICO 2800 spectrophotometer and iodine. An increase in sorption activity was found after ultrasonic action on the sorption material: 1,3 times for methylene blue, 3 times for iodine. Sorption properties of the product of wood waste pyrolysis were investigated after ultrasonic treatment in relation to ions of iron, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc under static conditions using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma on the Agilent 720-OES spectrometer. The sorption degree is calculated. The degree of purification from HMI with the use of wood waste pyrolysis product after ultrasonic treatment is: for Fe – 98%, Cu – 93.6%, Cr – 72.2%, Ni – 60.6%, and Zn – 77.9%. The paper shows that the product of pyrolysis of wood waste after ultrasonic treatment is almost equal to the degree the sorption of commercial sorbent BAU with respect to ions of iron, copper and chromium. Ultrasonic treatment to a frequency of 35 kHz for 30 minutes allows to increase the sorption capacity of the product of pyrolysis of wood waste by Fe ions by 8.8 times, Cu – 2.6 times, Cr – 1.1 times.
For removal of hardness salts, composite nanofiltration membranes with a "nylon-PS" polystyrene (PS) surface layer, a cellulose acetate (AC) surface layer on a nylon "nylon-AC" substrate, and a cellulose acetate surface layer on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate were obtained "PTFE-AC". To increase the retention capacity, several layers of polymer particles were applied to the surface of the substrate. The content of the composite membrane layer ranged from 9.2 to 18.6% by weight, depending on the number of layers. To stabilize the surface layer, the membrane was finally to heat treatment. According to scanning electron microscopy data, it was established that spherical polystyrene particles with sizes up to 10 μm are located on the surface and in the pores of the substrate. And the cellulose acetate particles of cellulose are located in the pores of the PTFE substrate. A decrease in the specific performance of the membranes with an increase in the number of surface layers has been established. The specific productivity of the dynamic membrane was 369 dm 3 / m 2 • h, and for composite membranes with a surface layer of cellulose acetate higher than 2 times: 631 -755 dm 3 / m 2 • h at an operating pressure of 0.2 MPa, which is 3 to 7 times higher than with industrial nanofiltration membrane. The "PTFE-AC" and "nylon-PS" membranes showed high retention capacity in terms of overall hardness: 76.3% and 73.7%, respectively.
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